The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches. There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species, but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000, a tiny fraction of the total. In this paper, we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions, and introduce new species in each genus. To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species, we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery. We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification. The genera are Apiospora, Bambusicola, Beltrania, Capronia, Distoseptispora, Endocalyx, Neocatenulostroma, Neodeightonia, Paraconiothyrium, Peroneutypa, Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa. We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS (barcode) sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE. We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts. We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.

真菌的全球多样性已使用几种不同的方法进行了估计。估计物种数量在 2-1100 万之间，但正式描述的类群数量约为 150,000 个，仅占总数的一小部分。在本文中，我们以 12 个子囊菌属为案例研究，以确定真菌物种描述的趋势，并在每个属中引入新物种。为了强调传统形态分子方法在发布新物种方面的重要性，我们引入了 12 个属中被认为物种发现率较低的新类群。我们讨论该物种是否可能很稀有，或者是由于缺乏广泛的采样和分类。这些属有Apiospora 、 Bambusicola 、 Beltrania 、 Capronia 、 Distoseptispora 、 Endocalyx 、 Neocatenulostroma 、 Neodeightonia 、 Paraconiothyrium 、 Peroneutypa 、 Phaeoacremium和Vanakripa 。我们讨论了选定属的宿主特异性，并将每个属中的物种加词数量与 GenBank 和 UNITE 中存放的 ITS（条形码）序列数量进行比较。我们还讨论了这些属的分化时间与其宿主的分化时间之间的关系。我们假设这些属中是否可能存在更多物种，并讨论应该调查以发现新物种的宿主和栖息地。