Abstract This paper gives an outline of truthmaker semantics for natural language against the background of standard possible-worlds semantics. It develops a truthmaker semantics for attitude reports and deontic modals based on an ontology of attitudinal and modal objects and on a semantic function of clauses as predicates of such objects. The semantics is applied to factive verbs and response-stance verbs as well as to cases of modal concord. The paper also presents new motivations for ‘object-based truthmaker semantics’ from intensional transitive verbs such as need, look for, own, and buy and gives an outline of their semantics based on a further development of truthmaker semantics.

中文翻译：

---

自然语言的真理制造者语义：态度动词、情态动词和内涵及物动词

摘要 本文在标准可能世界语义的背景下，概述了自然语言的真值制造者语义。它基于态度和模态对象的本体论以及从句作为此类对象的谓词的语义功能，为态度报告和道义模态开发了一种真理制造者语义。语义适用于事实动词和反应姿态动词以及情态一致的情况。该论文还从诸如需要、寻找、拥有和购买等内涵及物动词中提出了“基于对象的真理制造者语义”的新动机，并基于真理制造者语义的进一步发展概述了它们的语义。