The discipline of seismology is based on observations of ground motion that are inherently undersampled in space and time. Our basic understanding of earthquake processes and our ability to resolve 4D Earth structure are fundamentally limited by data volume. Today, Big Data Seismology is an emergent revolution involving the use of large, data-dense inquiries that is providing new opportunities to make fundamental advances in these areas. This article reviews recent scientific advances enabled by Big Data Seismology through the context of three major drivers: the development of new data-dense sensor systems, improvements in computing, and the development of new types of techniques and algorithms. Each driver is explored in the context of both global and exploration seismology, alongside collaborative opportunities that combine the features of long-duration data collections (common to global seismology) with dense networks of sensors (common to exploration seismology). The review explores some of the unique challenges and opportunities that Big Data Seismology presents, drawing on parallels from other fields facing similar issues. Finally, recent scientific findings enabled by dense seismic data sets are discussed, and we assess the opportunities for significant advances made possible with Big Data Seismology. This review is designed to be a primer for seismologists who are interested in getting up-to-speed with how the Big Data revolution is advancing the field of seismology.

中文翻译：

---

大数据地震学

地震学的学科是基于对地震动的观察，这些地震动在空间和时间上是固有地欠采样的。我们对地震过程的基本理解和我们解析 4D 地球结构的能力从根本上受到数据量的限制。今天，大数据地震学是一场新兴的革命，涉及使用大量数据密集的查询，为在这些领域取得根本性进展提供了新的机会。本文通过三个主要驱动因素回顾了大数据地震学带来的最新科学进展：新数据密集型传感器系统的开发、计算的改进以及新型技术和算法的开发。每个驱动因素都在全球和勘探地震学的背景下进行探索，以及将长期数据收集（全球地震学常见）的特征与密集的传感器网络（勘探地震学常见）相结合的合作机会。该评论探讨了大数据地震学带来的一些独特挑战和机遇，并借鉴了面临类似问题的其他领域的相似之处。最后，讨论了密集地震数据集促成的最新科学发现，并评估了大数据地震学取得重大进展的机会。这篇评论旨在为有兴趣了解大数据革命如何推进地震学领域的地震学家提供入门读物。该评论探讨了大数据地震学带来的一些独特挑战和机遇，并借鉴了面临类似问题的其他领域的相似之处。最后，讨论了密集地震数据集促成的最新科学发现，并评估了大数据地震学取得重大进展的机会。这篇评论旨在为有兴趣了解大数据革命如何推进地震学领域的地震学家提供入门读物。该评论探讨了大数据地震学带来的一些独特挑战和机遇，并借鉴了面临类似问题的其他领域的相似之处。最后，讨论了密集地震数据集促成的最新科学发现，并评估了大数据地震学取得重大进展的机会。这篇评论旨在为有兴趣了解大数据革命如何推进地震学领域的地震学家提供入门读物。