Scholarship on the American trial penalty, vast and diverse, analyzes it in connection with plea bargaining’s dominance, its growth starting in the last third of the nineteenth century, and present-day racial disparities at sentencing. The overcriminalization and quick processing of people of color in southwest border districts cannot be understood without an analysis of how trial sanctions impact illegal entry and drug trafficking in these busy jurisdictions. Professor Ronald Wright wrote about the role of prosecutorial power and plea bargaining in the federal system, but he passed over how and why immigration crimes became widespread. Any discussion of prosecutors and plea bargaining requires an understanding of how they manage illegal entrants and drug couriers—the most prevalent defendants in federal court.

中文翻译：

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“我在看多少时间？”：西南边境地区的认罪交易、严厉的惩罚和低审判率

关于美国审判刑罚的学术研究广泛而多样，将其与辩诉交易的主导地位、其从 19 世纪下半叶开始的增长以及当今量刑时的种族差异联系起来进行了分析。如果不分析审判制裁如何影响这些繁忙司法管辖区的非法入境和贩毒，就无法理解西南边境地区对有色人种的过度犯罪化和快速处理。罗纳德赖特教授写了关于联邦系统中检察权和辩诉交易的作用，但他忽略了移民犯罪如何以及为何变得普遍。任何关于检察官和辩诉交易的讨论都需要了解他们如何管理非法入境者和毒品运送者——联邦法院中最常见的被告。