Personal data is no longer just personal. Social networks and pervasive environmental surveillance via cellphones and the Internet of Things extract minute by minute details of our behavior and cognition. This information accumulates into a valuable asset. It then circulates among data brokers, targeted advertisers, political campaigns, and even foreign states as fuel for predictive interventions that shape individuals’ lives, often for the worse. Rich gains flow to firms that are best positioned to leverage these new information aggregates. The privacy losses, economic exploitation, structural inequalities, and democratic backsliding produced by personal data economies, however, fall upon society at large.

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公众对数据的信任

个人数据不再只是个人数据。社交网络和通过手机和物联网进行的无处不在的环境监测，每时每刻都在提取我们行为和认知的细节。这些信息积累成宝贵的资产。然后，它在数据经纪人、目标广告商、政治运动甚至外国之间传播，作为预测性干预的燃料，这些干预往往会影响人们的生活，而且往往会变得更糟。丰厚的收益流向最有能力利用这些新信息集合的公司。然而，个人数据经济产生的隐私损失、经济剥削、结构性不平等和民主倒退，都落在了整个社会的头上。