CO₂ mineralization not only captures and stores CO₂ permanently but also yields value-added products utilized in, for example, the cement industry. CO₂ mineralization has been shown to potentially substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Realizing CO₂ mineralization's potential on a large scale requires a) solid feedstock, b) CO₂ sources, c) low-carbon energy, and d) markets for mineralization products. In general, these four requirements of CO₂ mineralization are not satisfied at the same location. Thus, the assessment of CO₂ mineralization's large-scale potential necessitates the full supply chain considering all requirements for CO₂ mineralization simultaneously. At present, neither the potential of CO₂ mineralization for GHG emissions reduction on a large scale nor the required supply chain to achieve the potential are fully understood. In our study, we design a climate-optimal supply chain for CO₂ capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) by CO₂ mineralization to quantify the large-scale potential of CO₂ mineralization in Europe. Our results show that a climate-optimal CCUS by CO₂ mineralization could avoid up to 130 Mt CO_2e/year of the industrial emissions in Europe even with the current energy supply system. By 2040, CCUS by CO₂ mineralization could provide negative emissions of up to 136 Mt CO_2e/year. The required energy and CO₂ for the CCUS supply chain can be provided either by expanding the current infrastructure by about 5 % or, even more climate efficiently, by building new infrastructure. The critical steps toward achieving the large potential of CO₂ mineralization in Europe are 1) scaling up the CO₂ mineralization technology to the industrial level and 2) exploiting large-scale mineral deposits.