Lettuce tree (Pisonia grandis R.Br.) leaves are underutilized vegetables with diverse nutritional and medicinal properties. Herein, P. grandis leaves (PGL) were explored for biological potentiality and chemical profiling using different solvents of varied polarity. The enzyme inhibitory property was evaluated by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory assays. Antioxidant property of PGL was done using five assays and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) required to inhibit the growth of six bacterial strains was tested. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 43 constituents. Phytol (27.5 and 12.3%) and squalene (14.6 and 4.9%) are identified as major compounds in petroleum ether (PEE) and ethyl acetate extracts (EAE). The EAE (IC₅₀ of 29.04 ± 0.16 µg/mL) exhibited strong α-amylase inhibitory activity. Whereas, aqueous (IC₅₀ of 53.41 ± 0.50 µg/mL) and methanolic (IC₅₀ of 60.20 ± 0.38 µg/mL) extracts showed moderate α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory effects respectively. Methanolic extract of PGL showed better free radical scavenging activity in ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays with an IC₅₀ of 44.58 ± 0.42, 34.80 ± 0.21, and 61.51 ± 0.10 µg/mL respectively. The concentration (MIC) of PGL extract at 23.4 µg/mL is sufficient for the inhibition of the bacterial strains like Staphylococcus epidermidis and Vibrio cholera. The phytochemicals present in the PGL extract could be the basis for its promising biological properties. The results revealed the efficacy of this underutilized vegetable for use as a dietary supplement and other applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

生菜树 ( Pisonia grandis R.Br.) 的叶子是未被充分利用的蔬菜，具有多种营养和药用特性。在此，探索了使用不同极性的不同溶剂的P. grandis叶 (PGL) 的生物潜力和化学分析。通过α-淀粉酶、α-葡糖苷酶和酪氨酸酶抑制测定法评估酶抑制特性。PGL 的抗氧化特性是使用五种测定法完成的，并测试了抑制六种细菌菌株生长所需的最小抑制浓度 (MIC)。GC-MS 分析显示存在 43 种成分。植物醇（27.5 和 12.3%）和角鲨烯（14.6 和 4.9%）被确定为石油醚 (PEE) 和乙酸乙酯提取物 (EAE) 中的主要化合物。EAE（IC ₅₀29.04 ± 0.16 µg/mL) 表现出强烈的 α-淀粉酶抑制活性。然而，水（IC ₅₀为 53.41 ± 0.50 µg/mL）和甲醇提取物（IC ₅₀为 60.20 ± 0.38 µg/mL）分别显示出适度的 α-葡萄糖苷酶和酪氨酸酶抑制作用。PGL 的甲醇提取物在 ABTS、DPPH 和 FRAP 测定中显示出更好的自由基清除活性，IC ₅₀分别为 44.58 ± 0.42、34.80 ± 0.21 和 61.51 ± 0.10 µg/mL。PGL 提取物的浓度 (MIC) 为 23.4 µg/mL，足以抑制表皮葡萄球菌和霍乱弧菌等细菌菌株. PGL 提取物中存在的植物化学物质可能是其有前景的生物学特性的基础。结果揭示了这种未充分利用的蔬菜在食品和制药行业用作膳食补充剂和其他应用的功效。