In this paper, a low-cost graphene exfoliation method suitable for large-scale production was explored. The pure scCO₂ was used as the exfoliation agent. In addition, a flow channel structure was designed to perform field strengthening induced cavitation, and high pressure and cavitation field were combined to directly prepare graphene. In the optimization of operating conditions, the effects of circular time, reaction pressure, circular flow rate and centrifugal speed on the exfoliation were studied. The graphene product has a maximum dispersion concentration of 0.701 mg·mL⁻¹ and the intensity ratio I_D/I_G of 0.181, which guaranteed the yield while taking into account the graphene quality. The proportion of graphene with less than five layers was 68%, 75% of the lateral dimensions were in the range of (1−4) μm. Finally, the existence of cavitation field was verified by numerical simulation to provide a basis for further optimization.