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Nonhuman primate abnormal behavior: Etiology, assessment, and treatment
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-05 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23380 Corrine K Lutz 1 , Kristine Coleman 2 , Lydia M Hopper 3 , Melinda A Novak 4 , Jaine E Perlman 5 , Ori Pomerantz 6
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-05 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23380 Corrine K Lutz 1 , Kristine Coleman 2 , Lydia M Hopper 3 , Melinda A Novak 4 , Jaine E Perlman 5 , Ori Pomerantz 6
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Across captive settings, nonhuman primates may develop an array of abnormal behaviors including stereotypic and self-injurious behavior. Abnormal behavior can indicate a state of poor welfare, since it is often associated with a suboptimal environment. However, this may not always be the case as some behaviors can develop independently of any psychological distress, be triggered in environments known to promote welfare, and be part of an animal's coping mechanism. Furthermore, not all animals develop abnormal behavior, which has led researchers to assess risk factors that differentiate individuals in the display of these behaviors. Intrinsic risk factors that have been identified include the animal's species and genetics, age, sex, temperament, and clinical condition, while environmental risk factors include variables such as the animal's rearing, housing condition, husbandry procedures, and research experiences. To identify specific triggers and at-risk animals, the expression of abnormal behavior in captive nonhuman primates should be routinely addressed in a consistent manner by appropriately trained staff. Which behaviors to assess, what assessment methods to use, which primates to monitor, and the aims of data collection should all be identified before proceeding to an intervention and/or treatment. This article provides guidance for this process, by presenting an overview of known triggers and risk factors that should be considered, steps to design a comprehensive evaluation plan, and strategies that might be used for prevention or treatment. It also outlines the tools and processes for assessing and evaluating behavior in an appendix. This process will lead to a better understanding of abnormal behavior in captive primate colonies and ultimately to improved welfare.
中文翻译：
非人灵长类动物异常行为：病因、评估和治疗
在圈养环境中，非人类灵长类动物可能会发展出一系列异常行为，包括刻板印象和自残行为。异常行为可能表明福利状况不佳，因为它通常与次优环境有关。然而，情况可能并非总是如此，因为某些行为可以独立于任何心理困扰而发展，在已知促进福利的环境中被触发，并且是动物应对机制的一部分。此外，并非所有动物都会出现异常行为，这促使研究人员评估在这些行为表现中区分个体的风险因素。已确定的内在风险因素包括动物的物种和遗传学、年龄、性别、性情和临床状况，而环境风险因素包括动物饲养、饲养条件、饲养程序和研究经验等变量。为了识别特定的触发因素和处于危险中的动物，圈养非人灵长类动物的异常行为表达应由经过适当培训的工作人员以一致的方式例行处理。在进行干预和/或治疗之前，应确定要评估的行为、使用的评估方法、要监测的灵长类动物以及数据收集的目的。本文通过概述应考虑的已知触发因素和风险因素、设计综合评估计划的步骤以及可用于预防或治疗的策略，为这一过程提供指导。它还在附录中概述了评估和评价行为的工具和过程。这一过程将导致更好地了解圈养灵长类动物群体的异常行为，并最终改善福利。
更新日期：2022-04-05
中文翻译：
非人灵长类动物异常行为：病因、评估和治疗
在圈养环境中，非人类灵长类动物可能会发展出一系列异常行为，包括刻板印象和自残行为。异常行为可能表明福利状况不佳，因为它通常与次优环境有关。然而，情况可能并非总是如此，因为某些行为可以独立于任何心理困扰而发展，在已知促进福利的环境中被触发，并且是动物应对机制的一部分。此外，并非所有动物都会出现异常行为，这促使研究人员评估在这些行为表现中区分个体的风险因素。已确定的内在风险因素包括动物的物种和遗传学、年龄、性别、性情和临床状况，而环境风险因素包括动物饲养、饲养条件、饲养程序和研究经验等变量。为了识别特定的触发因素和处于危险中的动物，圈养非人灵长类动物的异常行为表达应由经过适当培训的工作人员以一致的方式例行处理。在进行干预和/或治疗之前，应确定要评估的行为、使用的评估方法、要监测的灵长类动物以及数据收集的目的。本文通过概述应考虑的已知触发因素和风险因素、设计综合评估计划的步骤以及可用于预防或治疗的策略，为这一过程提供指导。它还在附录中概述了评估和评价行为的工具和过程。这一过程将导致更好地了解圈养灵长类动物群体的异常行为，并最终改善福利。
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