Research on mixed emotions is yet to consider emotion-specificity, the idea that same-valenced emotions have distinctive characteristics and functions. We review two decades of research on mixed emotions, focusing on evidence for the occurrence of mixed emotions and the effects of mixed emotions on downstream outcomes. We then propose a novel theoretical framework of mixed-emotion-specificity with three foundational tenets: (a) Mixed emotions are distinguishable from single-valenced emotions and other mixed emotions based on their emotion-appraisal relationships; (b) Mixed emotions can further be characterized by four patterns that describe relationships between simultaneous appraisals or appraisals that are unique to mixed emotions; and (c) Carryover effects occur only on outcomes that are associated with the appraisal characteristics of mixed emotion. We outline how mixed-emotion-specific effects can be predicted based on the appraisal tendency framework. Temporal dynamics, the application of mixed-emotion-specificity to individual difference research, methodological issues, and future directions are also discussed.

混合情绪的研究尚未考虑情绪特异性，即同价情绪具有独特的特征和功能。我们回顾了 20 年来关于混合情绪的研究，重点关注混合情绪发生的证据以及混合情绪对下游结果的影响。然后，我们提出了一个具有三个基本原则的混合情绪特异性的新理论框架：(b) 混合情绪还可以通过描述同时评价或混合情绪特有的评价之间的关系的四种模式来表征；(c) 遗留效应仅发生在与混合情绪的评估特征相关的结果上。我们概述了如何基于评估趋势框架来预测混合情绪特定的影响。还讨论了时间动态、混合情绪特异性在个体差异研究中的应用、方法问题和未来方向。