Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) uses charge transfer between two asymmetric charge affinity materials such as metal and dielectrics. Metal electrode acts as charge collector from dielectrics and acts as charge transfer path to an external load, which model deals with only a net charge of metal electrode concerning electrical output. In this work, we found that metal electrode in triboelectric generator has non-negligible surface charge polarization causing open-circuit voltage difference in the model TENG system. The output voltage depends on the initial preparation conditions of the TENG for I–V measurements, even for the same measured charge densities. The measured output voltage difference with the same charge density implies that electric charges of TENG are composed of movable charges that affect current and voltage output and the bounded fixed charges that only affect open-circuit voltage.

摩擦纳米发电机 (TENG) 使用两种不对称电荷亲和材料（如金属和电介质）之间的电荷转移。金属电极充当电介质的电荷收集器并充当到外部负载的电荷转移路径，该模型仅处理与电输出有关的金属电极的净电荷。在这项工作中，我们发现摩擦发电机中的金属电极具有不可忽略的表面电荷极化，导致模型 TENG 系统中的开路电压差。输出电压取决于 TENG 用于 I-V 测量的初始准备条件，即使对于相同的测量电荷密度也是如此。