斑马鱼胚胎后发育过程中甲状腺激素塑造颅面骨,Evolution and Development

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斑马鱼胚胎后发育过程中甲状腺激素塑造颅面骨
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-25 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12399
Stephanie Keer ₁ , Joshua D. Storch ₁ , Stacy Nguyen ₂ , Mia Prado ₁ , Rajendra Singh ₂ , Luz Patricia Hernandez ₁ , Sarah K. McMenamin ₂

Affiliation

改变颅面骨骼的形状可以深刻地改变生态功能，了解发育条件如何塑造骨骼表型可以提供对进化适应的洞察。甲状腺激素 (TH) 刺激变态并调节脊椎动物的骨骼形态发生。为了评估这种激素在雕刻非变质脊椎动物颅面骨骼中的作用，我们测试了斑马鱼在 TH 诱导的颅面形状变化的发育时期。我们分析了在猎物检测、捕获和处理中起作用的特定骨骼的形状。我们在三个发育 TH 配置文件下量化了从晚期幼虫到成年阶段的这些元素。在野生型条件下，每个骨骼在胚胎后发育过程中逐渐异速生长成成熟形态。在四块骨头中的三块中，需要 TH 来塑造成人的形状：甲状腺功能减退会抑制形状变化的各个方面，并使未成熟形状的某些成分保留到成年。过度发育的 TH 刺激了早熟形状变化的各个方面，导致一些骨骼的异常形态。具有功能重要性的骨骼特征对 TH 高度敏感，包括三叉肌的转化过程、下颌的下颌联合、hyomandibula 的盾状板和咽颌的前臂。总之，我们发现 TH 对于塑造几种基本骨骼元素的成熟形态是必要的；这种要求在幼虫发育过程中尤为明显。改变的 TH 滴度会导致形态异常，并可能产生功能性后果，

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Thyroid hormone shapes craniofacial bones during postembryonic zebrafish development

Changing the shape of craniofacial bones can profoundly alter ecological function, and understanding how developmental conditions sculpt skeletal phenotypes can provide insight into evolutionary adaptations. Thyroid hormone (TH) stimulates metamorphosis and regulates skeletal morphogenesis across vertebrates. To assess the roles of this hormone in sculpting the craniofacial skeleton of a non-metamorphic vertebrate, we tested zebrafish for developmental periods of TH-induced craniofacial shape change. We analyzed shapes of specific bones that function in prey detection, capture and processing. We quantified these elements from late-larval through adult stages under three developmental TH profiles. Under wild-type conditions, each bone progressively grows allometrically into a mature morphology over the course of postembryonic development. In three of the four bones, TH was required to sculpt an adult shape: hypothyroidism inhibited aspects of shape change, and allowed some components of immature shape to be retained into adulthood. Excess developmental TH stimulated aspects of precocious shape change leading to abnormal morphologies in some bones. Skeletal features with functional importance showed high sensitivities to TH, including the transformator process of the tripus, the mandibular symphysis of the lower jaw, the scutiform lamina of the hyomandibula, and the anterior arm of the pharyngeal jaw. In all, we found that TH is necessary for shaping mature morphology of several essential skeletal elements; this requirement is particularly pronounced during larval development. Altered TH titer leads to abnormal morphologies with likely functional consequences, highlighting the potential of TH and downstream pathways as targets for evolutionary change.

更新日期：2022-03-25

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