A wide range of social, technological and communication systems can be described as complex networks. Scale-free networks are one of the well known classes of complex networks in which nodes' degrees follow a power-law distribution. The design of scalable, adaptive and resilient routing schemes in such networks is very challenging. In this article we present an overview of required routing functionality, categorize the potential design dimensions of routing protocols among existing routing schemes, and analyze experimental results and analytical studies performed so far to identify the main trends/trade-offs and draw main conclusions. Besides traditional schemes such as hierarchical/shortest-path path-vector routing, the article pays attention to advances in compact routing and geometric routing since they are known to significantly improve scalability in terms of memory space. The identified trade-offs and the outcomes of this overview enable more careful conclusions regarding the (un-)suitability of different routing schemes to large-scale complex networks and provide a guideline for future routing research.

中文翻译：

---

大规模路由：复杂网络的进步和挑战


广泛的社会、技术和通信系统可以被描述为复杂的网络。无标度网络是众所周知的复杂网络类型之一，其中节点的度遵循幂律分布。在此类网络中设计可扩展、自适应和弹性的路由方案非常具有挑战性。在本文中，我们概述了所需的路由功能，对现有路由方案中路由协议的潜在设计维度进行了分类，并分析了迄今为止进行的实验结果和分析研究，以确定主要趋势/权衡并得出主要结论。除了分层/最短路径路径向量路由等传统方案外，本文还关注紧凑路由和几何路由的进展，因为众所周知它们可以显着提高内存空间的可扩展性。本概述所确定的权衡和结果可以就不同路由方案对大规模复杂网络的适用性（不）适用性得出更仔细的结论，并为未来的路由研究提供指导。