Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its revision, Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), were designed for high performance communications between devices operated by human users. However, when these networks are used for Machineto- Machine (M2M) traffic, i.e., communications between smart electronic devices that do not need human supervision, performance is far from satisfactory. This is mostly due to the overload condition created when a large number of M2M devices attempts random access using the fourstep handshake prescribed by the LTE standard. In this article, we describe an overlay network that allows M2M devices to access the network without going through the full handshake. We show that the overlay provides much improved performance for M2M traffic, especially when the transmission power of M2M devices is slightly increased to combat the overload condition, and is capable of supporting M2M traffic in device-todevice (D2D) communication mode.

中文翻译：

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将 LTE/LTE-A 应用于 M2M 和 D2D 通信


长期演进 (LTE) 及其修订版高级长期演进 (LTE-A) 专为人类用户操作的设备之间的高性能通信而设计。然而，当这些网络用于机器对机器（M2M）流量（即不需要人工监督的智能电子设备之间的通信）时，性能远不能令人满意。这主要是由于大量 M2M 设备尝试使用 LTE 标准规定的四步握手进行随机接入时产生的过载情况。在本文中，我们描述了一种覆盖网络，允许 M2M 设备无需经过完整握手即可访问网络。我们表明，覆盖为 M2M 流量提供了显着改进的性能，特别是当 M2M 设备的传输功率稍微增加以应对过载情况时，并且能够支持设备到设备 (D2D) 通信模式下的 M2M 流量。