This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ganoderic acids (GA) from Ganoderma lucidum against liver injury and intestinal microbial disorder in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed GA supplement significantly inhibited the abnormal elevation of the liver index, serum lipid parameters, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in mice exposed to alcohol intake, and also significantly protected the excessive lipid accumulation and pathological changes. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver was significantly ameliorated by GA intervention through reducing the levels of maleic dialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and increasing the levels of glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Intestinal microbiota profiling demonstrated GA intervention modulated the composition of intestinal microflora by increasing the levels of Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium and decreasing the Helicobacter level. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested GA intervention had a remarkable regulatory effect on liver metabolism with excessive alcohol consumption. Moreover, GA intervention regulated mRNA levels of alcohol metabolism, fatty lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, bile acid biosynthesis and metabolism-related genes in the liver. Conclusively, these findings demonstrate GA intervention can significantly relieve alcoholic liver injury and it is hopeful to become a new functional food ingredient for the prevention of alcoholic liver injury.

中文翻译：

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灵芝子实体灵芝酸对过量饮酒小鼠酒精性肝损伤和肠道菌群失调的保护作用

本研究旨在探讨灵芝中灵芝酸 (GA) 的保护作用。对过量饮酒小鼠的肝损伤和肠道微生物紊乱。结果显示，GA补充剂显着抑制了酒精摄入小鼠肝脏指数、血脂参数、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶的异常升高，并显着保护了过度的脂质积累和病理变化。GA 干预通过降低马来酸二醛和乳酸脱氢酶的水平以及增加谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的水平来显着改善酒精引起的肝脏氧化应激。肠道微生物群分析表明 GA 干预通过增加乳酸杆菌的水平来调节肠道微生物群的组成, Faecalibaculum , Romboutsia , Bifidobacterium和降低幽门螺杆菌水平。此外，肝脏代谢组学分析表明，GA 干预对过量饮酒的肝脏代谢具有显着的调节作用。此外，GA干预调节肝脏中酒精代谢、脂肪脂质代谢、氧化应激、胆汁酸生物合成和代谢相关基因的mRNA水平。总之，这些发现表明GA干预可以显着缓解酒精性肝损伤，有望成为预防酒精性肝损伤的新功能性食品成分。