Photochromic and Electrochromic Hydrogels Based on Ammonium- and Sulfonate-Functionalized Thienoviologen Derivatives,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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Photochromic and Electrochromic Hydrogels Based on Ammonium- and Sulfonate-Functionalized Thienoviologen Derivatives
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24560
Meijuan Chang ₁ , Dingli Liang ₁ , Fan Zhou ₁ , Haodong Xue ₁ , Hao Zong ₁ , Weinan Chen ₁ , Gang Zhou ₁

Affiliation

Ammonium cations and sulfonate anions have been introduced as end-caps for alkyl viologens with thiophene-derived bridges. When the as-prepared thienoviologen derivatives are dispersed in polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels, photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) bifunctional hydrogels can be simply realized. The incorporated thiophene or ethylenedioxylthiophene bridge not only expands the photoresponse range but also stabilizes the photoinduced radical intermediate. Therefore, reversible PC and EC behaviors can be achieved for hydrogels containing thienoviologens N,N′-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4′-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide (ATV), N,N′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (STV), N,N′-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4′-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide (AETV), and N,N′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (SETV). On the contrary, no photochromism can be observed for PAAm hydrogels based on N,N′-di(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium tetrabromide (AV) and N,N′-bis(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium (SV) without thiophene bridges. Furthermore, no significant coloration difference can be observed between the hydrogels containing ammonium- and sulfonate-functionalized viologens. However, during repetitive cycles, the transmittance contrast losses of electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on the hydrogels containing ammonium-modified viologens are lower than those for sulfonate-substituted viologens probably due to their larger number of cation–anion pairs and thus higher solubility in aqueous media. Typically, no observable difference can be found for unsealed ECDs after 15 days in ambient conditions. Additionally, a large-area ECD with a diameter of 10 cm has been facilely fabricated by simply sandwiching the EC hydrogels, and the transparency can be finely tuned upon applying different potentials. Overall, our findings may provide a new path to design multifunctional hydrogels with PC and EC responses.

中文翻译：

基于铵和磺酸盐官能化的噻吩紫罗碱衍生物的光致变色和电致变色水凝胶

已引入铵阳离子和磺酸根阴离子作为具有噻吩衍生桥的烷基紫精的封端。当所制备的噻吩紫罗精衍生物分散在聚丙烯酰胺（PAAm）水凝胶中时，可以简单地实现光致变色（PC）和电致变色（EC）双功能水凝胶。掺入的噻吩或乙撑二氧基噻吩桥不仅扩大了光响应范围，而且稳定了光诱导自由基中间体。因此，对于含有噻吩紫罗精N、N'-二(3-(三甲基铵)丙基)-4,4'-(噻吩-2,5-二基)双吡啶四溴化物 ( ATV )、N的水凝胶，可以实现可逆的 PC 和 EC 行为, N'-双(3-磺基丙基)-4,4'-(thien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium ( STV ) , N , N'-di (3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-4,4'-(3 ,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium tetrabromide ( AETV ) , 和N , N'-bis (3-sulfonatopropyl)-4,4'-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthien-2,5-diyl)bispyridinium (电视）。相反，基于N , N '-二(3-(三甲基铵)丙基)-4,4'-联吡啶四溴化物 ( AV ) 和N , N '-双(3-磺化丙基) 的 PAAm 水凝胶没有观察到光致变色)-4,4'-联吡啶 ( SV) 没有噻吩桥。此外，在含有铵和磺酸盐官能化紫精的水凝胶之间没有观察到显着的颜色差异。然而，在重复循环期间，基于含有铵改性紫精的水凝胶的电致变色器件 (ECD) 的透射率对比度损失低于磺酸盐取代的紫精，这可能是因为它们的阳离子-阴离子对数量较多，因此溶解度较高。水性介质。通常，在环境条件下 15 天后，未密封的 ECD 没有明显的差异。此外，通过简单地将EC水凝胶夹在中间，可以轻松制造出直径为10 cm的大面积ECD，并且可以通过施加不同的电位来微调透明度。全面的，

更新日期：2022-03-24

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