In this study, a novel active La-doped Ti₄O₇ (La-Ti₄O₇) electrode was fabricated through a simple one-step spark plasma sintering method. Characterization results revealed that La was successfully incorporated into the crystal lattice of Ti₄O₇, leading to an increase in the surface oxygen vacancy content (from 26% to 31%), oxygen evolution potential (from 2.24 to 2.75 V vs SCE), hydroxyl radical yield [•OH, from 0.123 to 0.205 μmol/(min·cm²)] and interfacial charge-transfer rate compared to pristine Ti₄O₇. La-Ti₄O₇ electrodes achieved efficient anodic oxidation of florfenicol (FLO, one of the most widely used antibiotics), which mainly due to the indirect oxidation mediated by electro-generated •OH. The degradation of FLO by La-Ti₄O₇ electrodes fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the optimal degradation rate constant (k_FLO, 0.021 min⁻¹) was achieved by 1.60% La-Ti₄O₇ electrode. In addition, the degradation efficiency of FLO increased with the increasing current density, decreasing pH and co-existing Cl^-, while an opposite pattern was observed with co-existing NO₃^–. Seven degradation products of FLO were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. The main degradation pathways included hydrolysis, hydroxylation, dechlorination and C-N bonds cleavage. The energy consumption (EC) for FLO degradation ranged from 1.91 to 29.53 Wh/L, and the optimal practical conditions were obtained by the analysis of the calculated ratios of k_FLO and EC. Moreover, La-Ti₄O₇ electrode maintained excellent removal efficiency of FLO (>93.5%) within 20 degradation cycles. This study suggested that La-Ti₄O₇ is a promising anodic material for the efficient treatment of FLO-polluted water.

在这项研究中，通过简单的一步放电等离子烧结方法制备了一种新型活性La掺杂Ti ₄ O ₇ (La-Ti ₄ O _{7 )电极。表征结果表明，La 成功地结合到 Ti 4} O ₇的晶格中，导致表面氧空位含量增加（从 26% 到 31%），析氧电位（从 2.24 到 2.75 V vs SCE），与原始 Ti ₄ O ₇相比，羟基自由基产率 [•OH，从 0.123 到 0.205 μmol/(min·cm ² )] 和界面电荷转移速率。La-Ti ₄ O ₇电极实现了氟苯尼考（FLO，最广泛使用的抗生素之一）的有效阳极氧化，这主要是由于电产生的•OH介导的间接氧化。La-Ti ₄ O ₇电极对FLO的降解符合准一级动力学模型，1.60% La-Ti ₄ O _{7达到最佳降解速率常数（} k _FLO，0.021 min ^-1 ）电极。此外，FLO 的降解效率随着电流密度的增加、pH 的降低和共存的 Cl ^-而增加，而与共存的 NO ₃ ^{-观察到相反的模式。}. 通过 UPLC-MS/MS 鉴定出七种 FLO 降解产物。主要降解途径包括水解、羟基化、脱氯和CN键断裂。FLO降解的能耗（EC）范围为1.91~29.53 Wh/L，通过计算k _FLO与EC的比值分析得出最佳实际条件。此外，La-Ti ₄ O ₇电极在 20 个降解循环内保持了优异的 FLO 去除效率（>93.5%）。该研究表明，La-Ti ₄ O ₇是一种很有前途的阳极材料，可用于有效处理 FLO 污染水。