ABSTRACT

The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model is a well-recognized theoretical framework assessing the impact of job demands and resources on well-being. Though the model conceptualises job demands and resources in terms of how jobs are both objectively designed and subjectively experienced, most studies have relied only on subjective self-reported data. In a comprehensive test of the model, our study investigates how objective job characteristics at the occupation level are associated with employees’ perceptions of job demands and resources in their role, and examines the indirect effect of objective characteristics on employee outcomes via perceived characteristics. Multilevel analyses of multisource and lagged data from 2,049 employees in 97 jobs indicated that perceived job characteristics mediate the effects of objective job characteristics on employee outcomes. Specifically, the objective requirement for positive emotional displays is positively related to exhaustion through perceived emotional demands. Second, objective job hazard exposure is positively related to physical health problems through perceived physical demands. Finally, objective job complexity has a significant positive indirect relationship with work engagement through perceived skill discretion. The results suggest that risk identification and enrichment processes should consider the nature of the job itself instead of merely focusing on employees’ cognitive appraisals.

摘要

工作需求-资源 (JD-R) 模型是一个公认的理论框架，用于评估工作需求和资源对幸福感的影响。尽管该模型根据工作的客观设计和主观体验来概念化工作需求和资源，但大多数研究仅依赖于主观的自我报告数据。在对模型的全面测试中，我们的研究调查了职业层面的客观工作特征如何与员工对其角色的工作需求和资源的感知相关联，并通过感知特征检查了客观特征对员工结果的间接影响。来自 2 的多源和滞后数据的多层次分析，97 个职位的 049 名员工表明，感知到的工作特征可以调节客观工作特征对员工结果的影响。具体来说，积极情绪表现的客观要求与感知情绪需求的疲惫呈正相关。其次，客观的工作危害暴露通过感知的身体需求与身体健康问题呈正相关。最后，客观工作复杂性通过感知技能自由裁量权与工作投入有显着的正向间接关系。结果表明，风险识别和丰富过程应考虑工作本身的性质，而不是仅仅关注员工的认知评估。积极情绪表现的客观要求与感知情绪需求的疲惫呈正相关。其次，客观的工作危害暴露通过感知的身体需求与身体健康问题呈正相关。最后，客观工作复杂性通过感知技能自由裁量权与工作投入有显着的正向间接关系。结果表明，风险识别和丰富过程应考虑工作本身的性质，而不是仅仅关注员工的认知评估。积极情绪表现的客观要求与感知情绪需求的疲惫呈正相关。其次，客观的工作危害暴露通过感知的身体需求与身体健康问题呈正相关。最后，客观工作复杂性通过感知技能自由裁量权与工作投入有显着的正向间接关系。结果表明，风险识别和丰富过程应考虑工作本身的性质，而不是仅仅关注员工的认知评估。客观工作复杂性通过感知技能自由裁量权与工作投入有显着的正向间接关系。结果表明，风险识别和丰富过程应考虑工作本身的性质，而不是仅仅关注员工的认知评估。客观工作复杂性通过感知技能自由裁量权与工作投入有显着的正向间接关系。结果表明，风险识别和丰富过程应考虑工作本身的性质，而不是仅仅关注员工的认知评估。