促进生物发现的纳米技术工具,ACS Nano

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促进生物发现的纳米技术工具
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10635
Carolina Salvador-Morales ₁ , Piotr Grodzinski ₁

Affiliation

多年来，纳米技术的工程方面得到了极大的利用。通过利用现有的分子生物学知识并将其与纳米技术工具相结合以改善结果，已经制定了医学干预策略。然而，很少有人关注利用纳米技术作为生物发现工具的优势。对在亚细胞水平上控制动态生物过程的基本理解是开发个性化治疗和诊断干预措施的关键。使用活体显微镜、扩增显微镜和基于微流体的平台进行单细胞分析有助于更好地了解健康细胞和患病细胞的细胞异质性，这是肿瘤学的一个主要挑战。还，单细胞分析揭示了关键的信号通路和具有关键生物学功能的生物细胞内成分。由纳米工具实现的物理操作可以通过从同一细胞中取样细胞内液来实时监测单细胞水平的生物变化。通过纳米管样结构形成细胞间高速公路具有重要的临床意义，例如转移发展。纳米材料与光学和分子成像技术的整合提供了有价值的形态学、结构和生物学信息。纳米级成像通过实现从未用标准生物技术在单个细胞之间观察或测量的纳米级动力学的可视化，揭示了时间性的机制。纳米酶，人造酶的特殊敏感性，使它们成为下一代移动诊断设备的完美组件。在这里，我们重点介绍了这些有影响力的与癌症相关的生物学发现，这些发现是由纳米技术实现的，并在癌症研究和肿瘤学方面产生了范式转变。

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Nanotechnology Tools Enabling Biological Discovery

Over the years, the engineering aspect of nanotechnology has been significantly exploited. Medical intervention strategies have been developed by leveraging existing molecular biology knowledge and combining it with nanotechnology tools to improve outcomes. However, little attention has been paid to harnessing the strengths of nanotechnology as a biological discovery tool. Fundamental understanding of controlling dynamic biological processes at the subcellular level is key to developing personalized therapeutic and diagnostic interventions. Single-cell analyses using intravital microscopy, expansion microscopy, and microfluidic-based platforms have been helping to better understand cell heterogeneity in healthy and diseased cells, a major challenge in oncology. Also, single-cell analysis has revealed critical signaling pathways and biological intracellular components with key biological functions. The physical manipulation enabled by nanotools can allow real-time monitoring of biological changes at a single-cell level by sampling intracellular fluid from the same cell. The formation of intercellular highways by nanotube-like structures has important clinical implications such as metastasis development. The integration of nanomaterials into optical and molecular imaging techniques has rendered valuable morphological, structural, and biological information. Nanoscale imaging unravels mechanisms of temporality by enabling the visualization of nanoscale dynamics never observed or measured between individual cells with standard biological techniques. The exceptional sensitivity of nanozymes, artificial enzymes, make them perfect components of the next-generation mobile diagnostics devices. Here, we highlight these impactful cancer-related biological discoveries enabled by nanotechnology and producing a paradigm shift in cancer research and oncology.

更新日期：2022-03-21

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