Frankincense is a hard gelatinous resin exuded by Boswellia serrata. It contains a complex array of components, of which acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid of the resin class, is the main active component. AKBA has a variety of physiological actions, including anti-infection, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. The use of AKBA for the treatment of mental diseases has been documented as early as ancient Greece. Recent studies have found that AKBA has anti-aging and other neurological effects, suggesting its potential for the treatment of neurological diseases. This review focuses on nervous system-related diseases, summarizes the functions and mechanisms of AKBA in promoting nerve repair and regeneration after injury, protecting against ischemic brain injury and aging, inhibiting neuroinflammation, ameliorating memory deficits, and alleviating neurotoxicity, as well as having anti-glioma effects and relieving brain edema. The mechanisms by which AKBA functions in different diseases and the relationships between dosage and biological effects are discussed in depth with the aim of increasing understanding of AKBA and guiding its use for the treatment of nervous system diseases.

乳香是由齿叶乳香分泌的一种坚硬的凝胶状树脂. 它包含一系列复杂的成分，其中乙酰基-11-酮基-β-乳香酸 (AKBA) 是树脂类的五环三萜类化合物，是主要的活性成分。AKBA 具有多种生理作用，包括抗感染、抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用。早在古希腊就有记载使用 AKBA 治疗精神疾病。最近的研究发现 AKBA 具有抗衰老和其他神经系统作用，表明它具有治疗神经系统疾病的潜力。本文综述了神经系统相关疾病，总结了AKBA在促进损伤后神经修复和再生、预防缺血性脑损伤和衰老、抑制神经炎症、改善记忆缺陷、减轻神经毒性等方面的作用和机制，以及具有抗神经胶质瘤作用和缓解脑水肿。深入探讨了AKBA在不同疾病中的作用机制以及剂量与生物学效应之间的关系，旨在加深对AKBA的认识，指导其在神经系统疾病治疗中的应用。