现代甘露聚糖：半纤维素的旅程,New Phytologist

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现代甘露聚糖：半纤维素的旅程
New Phytologist ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-14 , DOI: 10.1111/nph.18091
Cătălin Voiniciuc _{1,

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Affiliation

由 β-1,4 连接的甘露糖单元构成的半纤维素多糖已在整个植物界发现并具有许多工业应用。在这里，我回顾了植物β-甘露聚糖的生物合成和修饰的最新进展。这些基质聚合物可以与纤维素束结合以影响植物纤维或生物复合材料的机械性能。在某些藻类中，甘露聚糖微纤维甚至取代纤维素成为细胞壁的主要结构成分。相反，在拟南芥中发现的有图案的半乳糖甘露聚糖尽管种子粘液含量相对较低，但种子粘液显着调节细胞壁结构和非生物胁迫耐受性。我还讨论了 β-甘露聚糖生物合成的亚细胞需求、参与这一过程的碳水化合物活性酶的数量不断增加，以及仍然令人费解的参与者。我讨论了纤维素合酶样酶如何在正交宿主中延长（葡糖）甘露聚糖，并重点介绍了添加特定半乳糖基或乙酰基修饰的植物酶的发现。最近，内切-β-1,4-甘露聚糖酶等水解酶参与了广泛的生物学环境，包括种子萌发、木材形成、重金属耐受性和防御反应。

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Modern mannan: a hemicellulose's journey

Hemicellulosic polysaccharides built of β-1,4-linked mannose units have been found throughout the plant kingdom and have numerous industrial applications. Here, I review recent advances in the biosynthesis and modification of plant β-mannans. These matrix polymers can associate with cellulose bundles to impact the mechanical properties of plant fibers or biocomposites. In certain algae, mannan microfibrils even replace cellulose as the dominant structural component of the cell wall. Conversely, patterned galactoglucomannan found in Arabidopsis thaliana seed mucilage significantly modulates cell wall architecture and abiotic stress tolerance despite its relatively low content. I also discuss the subcellular requirements for β-mannan biosynthesis, the increasing number of carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in this process, and the players that continue to be puzzling. I discuss how cellulose synthase-like enzymes elongate (gluco)mannans in orthogonal hosts and highlight the discoveries of plant enzymes that add specific galactosyl or acetyl decorations. Hydrolytic enzymes such as endo-β-1,4-mannanases have recently been involved in a wide range of biological contexts including seed germination, wood formation, heavy metal tolerance, and defense responses. Synthetic biology tools now provide faster tracks to modulate the increasingly-relevant mannan structures for improved plant traits and bioproducts.

更新日期：2022-03-14

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