Müller argues that the perceptual or “Axiological Receptivity” (AR) model of emotions is incoherent, because it requires an emotion to apprehend and respond to its formal object at the same time. He defends a contrasting view of emotions as “Position-Takings" (PT) towards “formal objects”, aspects of an emotion's target pertinent to the subject's concerns. I first cast doubt on the cogency of Müller's attack on AR as begging questions about the temporal characteristics of perceptual events. I then argue that Müller's version of PT is not radical enough. On my attitudinal view, formal objects are not values but natural properties that justify specific affective or behavioral responses. Values are constituted only by a negotiated social aggregation of individual evaluative attitudes.

Müller 认为，情绪的感知或“价值接受性”（AR）模型是不连贯的，因为它需要一种情绪同时理解和回应其形式对象。他捍卫了一种对比情绪的观点，即对“形式对象”的“定位”（PT），即与主体关注的情绪目标相关的方面。我首先怀疑 Müller 对 AR 的攻击的说服力，因为它是在乞求关于知觉事件的时间特征。然后我认为穆勒的 PT 版本不够激进。在我的态度上，正式对象不是价值，而是证明特定情感或行为反应的自然属性。价值仅由协商的社会聚合构成个人的评价态度。