Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid produced as an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is one of the most important platform chemicals for the production of various high value-added derivatives. As traditional chemical synthesis processes suffer from nonrenewable resources and environment pollution, succinic acid biosynthesis has drawn increasing attention as a viable, more environmentally friendly alternative. To date, several metabolic engineering approaches have been utilized for constructing and optimizing succinic acid cell factories. In this review, different succinic acid biosynthesis pathways are summarized, with a focus on the key enzymes and metabolic engineering approaches, which mainly include redirecting carbon flux, balancing NADH/NAD⁺ ratios, and optimizing CO₂ supplementation. Finally, future perspectives on the microbial production of succinic acid are discussed.

琥珀酸是一种作为三羧酸 (TCA) 循环中间体产生的二羧酸，是生产各种高附加值衍生物的最重要的平台化学品之一。由于传统的化学合成工艺受到不可再生资源和环境污染的困扰，丁二酸生物合成作为一种可行的、更环保的替代品越来越受到关注。迄今为止，已经利用几种代谢工程方法来构建和优化琥珀酸细胞工厂。在这篇综述中，总结了不同的琥珀酸生物合成途径，重点介绍了关键的酶和代谢工程方法，主要包括重新定向碳通量、平衡 NADH/NAD ⁺比率和优化 CO ₂补充。最后，讨论了琥珀酸微生物生产的未来前景。