Yolk-shell structure materials with the light weight, excellent impedance matching and electromagnetic wave (EMW) loss ability were widely used in the field of absorbing materials. However, the previous researches on this kind of structure always focused on the comparison between solid structure and empty structure. Different from previous studies, in this paper, the effect of yolk-shell structure with different air layer thickness on EMW absorption was studied for the first time. Graphene oxide (GO) supported yolk-shell ZnS/Ni₃S₄ absorbers with adjustable air layer were prepared by a simple two-step hydrothermal method. Through the equivalence of RLC resonant circuit and the elimination of the influence of polarization relaxation and conduction loss, it was found that yolk-shell structure with different air layer thickness will resonate with EMW of different frequencies, thus increasing the loss capacity of materials to EMW of this frequency. At the same time, Compared with the solid structure, the yolk-shell structure can not only make the material lighter, but also cause multiple reflections and scattering of EMW. Noteworthy, yolk-shell structure composite material exhibits the maximum reflection loss (RL) of −63.0 dB at 4.8 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.1 GHz at a thickness of 1.6 mm. This research provides an idea and basis for the design of absorbing materials that respond to different frequency EMW.

蛋黄壳结构材料具有重量轻、阻抗匹配和电磁波（EMW）损耗能力优异等优点，被广泛应用于吸波材料领域。然而，以往对这种结构的研究一直集中在实心结构与空心结构的比较上。与以往研究不同的是，本文首次研究了不同空气层厚度的蛋黄壳结构对电磁波吸收的影响。氧化石墨烯 (GO) 支持的蛋黄壳 ZnS/Ni ₃ S ₄通过简单的两步水热法制备具有可调空气层的吸收体。通过RLC谐振电路等效，消除极化弛豫和传导损耗的影响，发现不同空气层厚度的蛋黄壳结构会与不同频率的电磁波发生谐振，从而增加材料对电磁波的损耗能力。这个频率的。同时，与实心结构相比，蛋黄壳结构不仅可以使材料更轻，还可以引起电磁波的多次反射和散射。值得注意的是，蛋黄壳结构复合材料在 4.8 GHz 时的最大反射损耗 (RL) 为 -63.0 dB，在 1.6 mm 的厚度时有效吸收带宽 (EAB) 为 4.1 GHz。