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Corporate Sovereign Awakening and the Making of Modern State Sovereignty: New Archival Evidence from the English East India Company
International Organization ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-04 , DOI: 10.1017/s002081832200008x
Swati Srivastava

The English East India Company's “company-state” lasted 274 years—longer than most states. This research note uses new archival evidence to study the Company as a catalyst in the development of modern state sovereignty. Drawing on the records of 16,740 managerial and shareholder meetings between 1678 and 1795, I find that as the Company grew through wars, its claim to sovereign authority shifted from a privilege delegated by Crown and Parliament to a self-possessed right. This “sovereign awakening” sparked a reckoning within the English state, which had thus far tolerated ambiguity in Company sovereignty based on the early modern shared international understanding of divisible, nonhierarchical layered sovereignty. But self-possessed nonstate sovereignty claimed from the core of the state became too much. State actors responded by anchoring sovereign authority along more hierarchical, indivisible foundations espoused by theorists centuries earlier. The new research makes two contributions. First, it introduces the conceptual dynamic of “war awakens sovereigns” (beyond making states) by entangling entities in peacemaking to defend sovereign claims. Second, it extends arguments about the European switch from layered sovereignty to hierarchical statist forms by situating the Company's sovereign evolution in this transformation. Ultimately, this study enables fuller historicization of both nonstate authority and the social construction of sovereignty in international politics.



中文翻译:

企业主权觉醒与现代国家主权的形成:来自英国东印度公司的新档案证据

英国东印度公司的“公司国家”持续了 274 年——比大多数国家都要长。本研究报告使用新的档案证据来研究公司作为现代国家主权发展的催化剂。根据 1678 年至 1795 年间 16,740 次管理和股东会议的记录,我发现随着公司在战争中的发展,其对主权的要求从由皇冠和议会授予的特权转变为自有权利。这种“主权觉醒”在英国国内引发了一场清算,迄今为止,英国基于早期现代国际对可分割、非等级分层主权的共同理解,容忍了公司主权的模棱两可。但是,从国家核心声称拥有的非国家主权变得太多了。国家行为者的回应是将主权权威锚定在几个世纪前理论家所拥护的等级更高、不可分割的基础上。这项新研究有两个贡献。首先,它引入了“战争唤醒主权者”(超越建立国家)的概念动态,通过让实体参与建立和平以捍卫主权主张。其次,通过将公司的主权演变置于这种转变中,它扩展了关于欧洲从分层主权向等级国家主义形式转变的论点。最终,这项研究使国际政治中的非国家权威和主权的社会建构能够更全面地历史化。它引入了“战争唤醒主权”的概念动态(不仅仅是建立国家),通过让实体参与建立和平以捍卫主权主张。其次,通过将公司的主权演变置于这种转变中,它扩展了关于欧洲从分层主权向等级国家主义形式转变的论点。最终,这项研究使国际政治中的非国家权威和主权的社会建构能够更全面地历史化。它引入了“战争唤醒主权”的概念动态(不仅仅是建立国家),通过让实体参与建立和平以捍卫主权主张。其次,通过将公司的主权演变置于这种转变中,它扩展了关于欧洲从分层主权向等级国家主义形式转变的论点。最终,这项研究使国际政治中的非国家权威和主权的社会建构能够更全面地历史化。

更新日期:2022-03-04
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