For more than 30 years, the posttraumatic model (PTM) and the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociation have vied for attention and empirical support. We contend that neither perspective provides a satisfactory account and that dissociation and dissociative disorders (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder) can be understood as failures of normally adaptive systems and functions. We argue for a more encompassing transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective that considers potentially interactive variables including sleep disturbances; impaired self-regulation and inhibition of negative cognitions and affects; hyperassociation and set shifts; and deficits in reality testing, source attributions, and metacognition. We present an overview of the field of dissociation, delineate uncontested and converging claims across perspectives, summarize key multivariable studies in support of our framework, and identifyempirical pathways for future research to advance our understanding of dissociation, including studies of highly adverse events and dissociation.

中文翻译：

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重新考虑分离和分离性障碍：超越社会认知和创伤模型，迈向跨理论框架


30 多年来，分离的创伤后模型 （PTM） 和社会认知模型 （SCM） 一直在争夺关注和实证支持。我们认为，这两种观点都不能提供令人满意的解释，分离和分离性障碍（例如，人格解体/现实解体障碍、分离性身份障碍）可以理解为正常适应性系统和功能的失败。我们主张一个更全面的跨诊断和跨理论视角，考虑潜在的互动变量，包括睡眠障碍;自我调节受损，抑制负面认知和情感;hyperassociation 和 set shifts;以及现实测试、来源归因和元认知方面的缺陷。我们概述了解离领域，描绘了不同观点的无争议和趋同的主张，总结了支持我们框架的关键多变量研究，并为未来研究确定了实证途径，以促进我们对解离的理解，包括对高度不良事件和解离的研究。