This Essay analyzes trends in violence from a spatial perspective, focusing on how changes in the murder rate are experienced by communities and groups of residents within the city of Chicago. The Essay argues that a spatial perspective is essential to understanding the causes and consequences of violence in the United States and begins by describing the social policies and theoretical mechanisms that explain the connection between concentrated disadvantage and violent crime.

The analysis expands on a long tradition of research in Chicago, and it studies the distribution of violence in the city’s neighborhoods from 1965 to 2020. It additionally analyzes how the concentration of violence is overlaid with police violence and incarceration, creating areas of compounded disadvantage. Finally, it compares the recent trends of violence in Chicago with trends across the hundred largest cities in the United States.

This Essay concludes that addressing the challenge of extreme, persistent segregation by race, ethnicity, and income across Chicago’s neighborhoods is necessary for producing a sustained reduction both in the city’s overall level of violence and in the disparities in the levels of violence faced by different neighborhoods.

本文从空间角度分析暴力趋势，重点关注芝加哥市社区和居民群体如何经历谋杀率的变化。这篇论文认为，空间视角对于理解美国暴力的原因和后果至关重要，并首先描述了解释集中劣势与暴力犯罪之间联系的社会政策和理论机制。

该分析扩展了芝加哥悠久的研究传统，研究了 1965 年至 2020 年该市社区的暴力分布情况。它还分析了暴力的集中程度如何与警察的暴力和监禁相叠加，从而造成了更加不利的地区。最后，它将芝加哥最近的暴力趋势与美国一百个最大城市的趋势进行了比较。

这篇文章的结论是，解决芝加哥社区极端、持续的种族、民族和收入隔离的挑战，对于持续降低该市的整体暴力水平和不同社区面临的暴力水平差异是必要的.