脂质体制备方法：用于生物医学和纳米医学应用的多功能纳米载体的形成和控制因素,Pharmaceutics

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脂质体制备方法：用于生物医学和纳米医学应用的多功能纳米载体的形成和控制因素
Pharmaceutics ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-01 , DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030543
Domenico Lombardo ₁ , Mikhail A Kiselev _{2,

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Affiliation

脂质体是由一个（或多个）磷脂双层壳包围的水核组成的纳米级球形囊泡。由于它们的高生物相容性、化学组成可变性和易于制备，以及它们的多种结构特性，脂质体已被用于多种纳米医学和生物医学应用，包括用于药物递送的纳米载体、营养品领域、免疫测定、临床诊断、组织工程和治疗诊断制剂。特别重要的是脂质体在药物递送应用中的作用，因为它们改善了封装药物的性能，通过增强其体外和体内控制的递送和活性来减少副作用和毒性。鉴于合适的工业发展，这些应用激发了对形成过程的扩大规模的巨大努力。尽管改进了传统方法并开发了新的脂质体制备途径，但它们对机械和化学作用的内在敏感性是导致胶体稳定性有限和货物分子包埋效率降低的一些关键问题的原因。本文分析了脂质体纳米载体的形成和制造技术的主要特点，特别关注结构、参数以及影响开发合适且稳定的制剂的关键因素。还讨论了脂质体制备的最新进展和新方法，

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Methods of Liposomes Preparation: Formation and Control Factors of Versatile Nanocarriers for Biomedical and Nanomedicine Application

Liposomes are nano-sized spherical vesicles composed of an aqueous core surrounded by one (or more) phospholipid bilayer shells. Owing to their high biocompatibility, chemical composition variability, and ease of preparation, as well as their large variety of structural properties, liposomes have been employed in a large variety of nanomedicine and biomedical applications, including nanocarriers for drug delivery, in nutraceutical fields, for immunoassays, clinical diagnostics, tissue engineering, and theranostics formulations. Particularly important is the role of liposomes in drug-delivery applications, as they improve the performance of the encapsulated drugs, reducing side effects and toxicity by enhancing its in vitro- and in vivo-controlled delivery and activity. These applications stimulated a great effort for the scale-up of the formation processes in view of suitable industrial development. Despite the improvements of conventional approaches and the development of novel routes of liposome preparation, their intrinsic sensitivity to mechanical and chemical actions is responsible for some critical issues connected with a limited colloidal stability and reduced entrapment efficiency of cargo molecules. This article analyzes the main features of the formation and fabrication techniques of liposome nanocarriers, with a special focus on the structure, parameters, and the critical factors that influence the development of a suitable and stable formulation. Recent developments and new methods for liposome preparation are also discussed, with the objective of updating the reader and providing future directions for research and development.

更新日期：2022-03-01

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