Defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical, differences or disorders of sex development (DSDs) comprise many discrete diagnoses ranging from those associated with few phenotypic differences between affected and unaffected individuals to those where questions arise regarding gender of rearing, gonadal tumor risk, genital surgery, and fertility. Controversies exist in numerous areas including how DSDs are conceptualized, how to refer to the set of conditions and those affected by them, and aspects of clinical management that extend from social media to legislative bodies, courts of law, medicine, clinical practice, and scholarly research in psychology and sociology. In addition to these aspects, this review covers biological and social influences on psychosocial development and adjustment, the psychosocial and psychosexual adaptation of people born with DSDs, and roles for clinical psychologists in the clinical management of DSDs.

中文翻译：

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性发育的差异/障碍：性与性别交叉点的医疗条件


性发育差异或障碍 （DSD） 定义为染色体、性腺或解剖性别发育不典型的先天性疾病，包括许多离散的诊断，从与受影响和未受影响个体之间表型差异很小相关的诊断到出现有关抚养性别、性腺肿瘤风险、生殖器手术和生育能力的问题。争议存在于许多领域，包括 DSD 的概念化方式、如何指代一组疾病和受其影响的人，以及从社交媒体延伸到立法机构、法院、医学、临床实践以及心理学和社会学学术研究的临床管理方面。除了这些方面外，本综述还涵盖了对社会心理发展和调整的生物学和社会影响、出生性 DSD 患者的社会心理和性心理适应，以及临床心理学家在 DSDs 临床管理中的作用。