Most measures of deprivation concentrate on deprivation among the living population and, thus, ignore premature mortality. This omission leads to a severe bias in the evaluation of deprivation. We propose two different measures that combine information on poverty and premature mortality of a population. These measures are consistent and satisfy a number of desirable properties unmet by all other measures combining early mortality and poverty. Moreover, one measure is readily computable with available data and easily interpretable. We show that omitting premature mortality leads to an underestimation of total deprivation in 2015 of at least 36 percent at the world level. (JEL C43, I12, I32, N33, N34, O15)

中文翻译：

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“太年轻不能死”：结合贫困和过早死亡的剥夺措施

大多数剥夺措施都集中在生活人口的剥夺上，因此忽略了过早死亡。这种遗漏导致对剥夺的评估存在严重偏差。我们提出了两种不同的衡量标准，将人口贫困和过早死亡的信息结合起来。这些措施是一致的，并满足了所有其他结合早期死亡率和贫困的措施所未满足的许多理想特性。此外，一种度量很容易用可用数据计算并且易于解释。我们表明，忽略过早死亡会导致 2015 年全球总剥夺至少 36% 被低估。（JEL C43、I12、I32、N33、N34、O15）