How does one's place of residence affect individual behavior and long-run outcomes? Understanding neighborhood and place effects has been a leading question for social scientists during the past half-century. Recent empirical studies using experimental and quasi-experimental research designs have generated new insights on the importance of residential neighborhoods in childhood and adulthood. This paper summarizes the recent neighborhood effects literature and interprets the findings. Childhood neighborhoods affect long-run economic and educational outcomes in a manner consistent with exposure models of neighborhood effects. For adults, neighborhood environments matter for their health and well-being but have more ambiguous impacts on labor market outcomes. We discuss the evidence on the mechanisms behind the observed patterns and conclude by highlighting directions for future research.

中文翻译：

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邻里很重要：评估地方效应的证据

一个人的居住地如何影响个人行为和长期结果？在过去的半个世纪里，了解邻里和地方效应一直是社会科学家面临的一个主要问题。最近使用实验和准实验研究设计的实证研究对住宅区在儿童和成年期的重要性产生了新的见解。本文总结了最近的邻里效应文献并解释了研究结果。童年社区以与社区效应暴露模型一致的方式影响长期经济和教育成果。对于成年人来说，邻里环境对他们的健康和福祉很重要，但对劳动力市场结果的影响更为模糊。