Over three decades after market-oriented structural reforms termed “Washington Consensus” policies were first implemented, we revisit the evidence on policy adoption and the effects of these policies on socio-economic performance in sub-Saharan African countries. We focus on three key ubiquitous reform policies around privatization, fiscal discipline, and trade openness and document significant improvements in economic performance for reformers over the past two decades. Following initial declines in per capita economic growth over the 1980s and 1990s, reform adopters experienced notable increases in per capita real GDP growth in the post-2000 period. We complement aggregate analysis with four country case studies that highlight important lessons for effective reform. Notably, the ability to implement pro-poor policies alongside market-oriented reforms played a central role in successful policy performance.

中文翻译：

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华盛顿共识改革和撒哈拉以南非洲经济表现的教训

在被称为“华盛顿共识”政策的以市场为导向的结构性改革首次实施三十多年后，我们重新审视了有关政策采用的证据以及这些政策对撒哈拉以南非洲国家社会经济绩效的影响。我们专注于围绕私有化、财政纪律和贸易开放的三项关键无处不在的改革政策，并记录了过去二十年改革者经济表现的显着改善。在 1980 年代和 1990 年代人均经济增长开始下降之后，改革实施者在 2000 年后的时期经历了人均实际 GDP 增长的显着增长。我们用四个突出有效改革的重要经验教训的国家案例研究补充了总体分析。尤其，