Public attitudes and policies toward LGBTQ individuals have improved substantially in recent decades. Economists are actively shaping the discourse around these policies and contributing to our understanding of the economic lives of LGBTQ individuals. In this paper, we present the most up-to-date estimates of the size, location, demographic characteristics, and family structures of LGBTQ individuals in the United States. We describe an emerging literature on the effects of legal access to same-sex marriage on family and socioeconomic outcomes. We also summarize what is known about the size, direction, and sources of wage differentials related to variation in sexual orientation and gender identity. We conclude by describing a range of open questions in LGBTQ economics.

中文翻译：

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LGBTQ 经济学

近几十年来，公众对 LGBTQ 个人的态度和政策有了显着改善。经济学家正在围绕这些政策积极塑造话语，并为我们对 LGBTQ 个人经济生活的理解做出贡献。在本文中，我们提供了对美国 LGBTQ 个体的规模、位置、人口特征和家庭结构的最新估计。我们描述了关于合法获得同性婚姻对家庭和社会经济结果的影响的新兴文献。我们还总结了与性取向和性别认同变化相关的工资差异的大小、方向和来源的已知信息。最后，我们描述了 LGBTQ 经济学中的一系列开放性问题。