Life expectancy varies substantially across local regions within a country, raising conjectures that place of residence affects health. However, population sorting and other confounders make it difficult to disentangle the effects of place on health from other geographic differences in life expectancy. Recent studies have overcome such challenges to demonstrate that place of residence substantially influences health and mortality. Whether policies that encourage people to move to places that are better for their health or that improve areas that are detrimental to health are desirable depends on the mechanisms behind place effects, yet these mechanisms remain poorly understood.

中文翻译：

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地点对健康和长寿的因果影响

一个国家内不同地区的预期寿命差异很大，这引发了居住地影响健康的猜测。然而，人口分类和其他混杂因素使得很难将地点对健康的影响与预期寿命的其他地理差异区分开来。最近的研究克服了这些挑战，证明居住地对健康和死亡率有重大影响。鼓励人们搬到更有利于健康的地方或改善不利于健康的地区的政策是否可取取决于地方效应背后的机制，但人们对这些机制仍然知之甚少。