In 2016, the Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht was fined $2.6 billion by the US Department of Justice. It was the largest corruption case ever prosecuted under the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Our examination of judicial documents and media reports on this case provides new insights on the workings of corruption in the infrastructure sector. Odebrecht paid bribes for two reasons: to tailor the terms of the auction in its favor, as well as to obtain favorable terms in contract renegotiations. In projects where Odebrecht paid bribes, costs increased by 70.8 percent on average, compared with 5.6 percent for projects with no bribes. We also find that bribes and profits made from bribing were smaller than documented in most previous studies, in the range of one to two percent of the cost of a project.

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基础设施中的腐败方式：Odebrecht 案的教训

2016年，巴西建筑公司Odebrecht被美国司法部罚款26亿美元。这是根据美国《反海外腐败法》起诉的最大的腐败案件。我们对该案的司法文件和媒体报道的审查为基础设施部门腐败的运作提供了新的见解。奥德布雷希特行贿有两个原因：调整拍卖条件以使其有利于自己，以及在重新谈判合同时获得有利条件。在 Odebrecht 行贿的项目中，成本平均增加了 70.8%，而没有行贿的项目则增加了 5.6%。我们还发现，贿赂和通过贿赂获得的利润比以前大多数研究中记录的要小，在项目成本的 1% 到 2% 之间。