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Differentiation of boldenone administration from ex vivo transformation in the urine of castrated male horses
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-17 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.3240 Marjaana Viljanto 1 , Zied Kaabia 2 , Polly Taylor 1 , Tessa Muir 3 , Jocelyn Habershon-Butcher 3 , Ludovic Bailly-Chouriberry 2 , James Scarth 1
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-17 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.3240 Marjaana Viljanto 1 , Zied Kaabia 2 , Polly Taylor 1 , Tessa Muir 3 , Jocelyn Habershon-Butcher 3 , Ludovic Bailly-Chouriberry 2 , James Scarth 1
Affiliation
Boldenone is an anabolic-androgenic steroid that is prohibited in equine sports. However, in certain situations, it is endogenous or is believed to be formed by microbes in urine, and therefore, an approach for the differentiation is required. Following the identification of Δ1-progesterone and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone as potential biomarkers of microbial activity, the presence of six steroids was investigated in the postrace urine of castrated male horses (geldings, n = 158). In line with endogenous findings from several other species when ultrasensitive methods are employed, boldenone was detected at low concentrations in all urine samples (27.0–1330 pg/ml). Furthermore, testosterone and androstenedione were detected in 157 samples (≤12,400 and 944 pg/ml, respectively), boldienone in two samples (≤22.0 pg/ml) and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone in 20 samples (≤66.0 pg/ml). Δ1-Progesterone was not detected in any population samples analysed on arrival at the laboratory. The ex vivo transformation of boldienone, boldenone, androstenedione, Δ1-progesterone and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone was induced following the storage of urine samples at room temperature for 7 days but not after refrigeration. Because the administration of inappropriately stored feed sources also resulted in an increase in 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone concentrations, a biomarker approach to distinguish steroid administrations was proposed. In situations where the presence of boldenone would exceed a proposed action limit, the presence of Δ1-progesterone and 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone would be investigated. If either Δ1-progesterone or 20(S)-hydroxy-Δ1-progesterone would exceed 50 and 100 pg/ml, respectively, for instance, then this would indicate ex vivo transformation or consumption of altered feed rather than steroid administration.
中文翻译:
宝地酮给药与去势公马尿液中体外转化的区别
宝丹酮是一种在马运动中被禁止的合成代谢雄激素类固醇。然而,在某些情况下,它是内源性的或被认为是由尿液中的微生物形成的,因此需要一种区分方法。在确定 Δ1-孕酮和 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮作为微生物活性的潜在生物标志物后,研究了去势雄性马(阉马,n = 158)。与使用超灵敏方法时来自其他几个物种的内源性发现一致,在所有尿液样本中检测到低浓度的宝丹酮 (27.0–1330 pg/ml)。此外,在 157 个样本中检测到睾酮和雄烯二酮(分别≤12,400 和 944 pg/ml),在 2 个样本中检测到宝丹酮(≤22.0 pg/ml),在 20 个样本中检测到 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮(≤66.0皮克/毫升)。在到达实验室时分析的任何人群样本中均未检测到 Δ1-孕酮。宝丹酮、宝丹酮、雄烯二酮、Δ1-孕酮和20( S )的离体转化)-羟基-Δ1-孕酮在室温下储存尿样 7 天后诱导,但在冷藏后不诱导。由于储存不当的饲料来源的施用也导致 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮浓度增加,因此提出了一种区分类固醇施用的生物标志物方法。在宝丹酮的存在超过建议的作用限度的情况下,将研究 Δ1-孕酮和 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮的存在。例如,如果 Δ1-孕酮或 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮分别超过 50 和 100 pg/ml,则这表明离体转化或消耗改变的饲料而不是类固醇给药。
更新日期:2022-02-17
中文翻译:
宝地酮给药与去势公马尿液中体外转化的区别
宝丹酮是一种在马运动中被禁止的合成代谢雄激素类固醇。然而,在某些情况下,它是内源性的或被认为是由尿液中的微生物形成的,因此需要一种区分方法。在确定 Δ1-孕酮和 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮作为微生物活性的潜在生物标志物后,研究了去势雄性马(阉马,n = 158)。与使用超灵敏方法时来自其他几个物种的内源性发现一致,在所有尿液样本中检测到低浓度的宝丹酮 (27.0–1330 pg/ml)。此外,在 157 个样本中检测到睾酮和雄烯二酮(分别≤12,400 和 944 pg/ml),在 2 个样本中检测到宝丹酮(≤22.0 pg/ml),在 20 个样本中检测到 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮(≤66.0皮克/毫升)。在到达实验室时分析的任何人群样本中均未检测到 Δ1-孕酮。宝丹酮、宝丹酮、雄烯二酮、Δ1-孕酮和20( S )的离体转化)-羟基-Δ1-孕酮在室温下储存尿样 7 天后诱导,但在冷藏后不诱导。由于储存不当的饲料来源的施用也导致 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮浓度增加,因此提出了一种区分类固醇施用的生物标志物方法。在宝丹酮的存在超过建议的作用限度的情况下,将研究 Δ1-孕酮和 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮的存在。例如,如果 Δ1-孕酮或 20( S )-羟基-Δ1-孕酮分别超过 50 和 100 pg/ml,则这表明离体转化或消耗改变的饲料而不是类固醇给药。