MRS Energy & Sustainability Pub Date : 2022-02-16 , DOI: 10.1557/s43581-021-00018-4 Erik D. Spoerke 1 , Howard Passell 1 , Timothy N. Lambert 1 , Babu Chalamala 1 , Gabriel Cowles 2 , Gautam G. Yadav 2 , Jinchao Huang 2 , Sanjoy Banerjee 2
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Highlights
Zn-MnO2 batteries promise safe, reliable energy storage, and this roadmap outlines a combination of manufacturing strategies and technical innovations that could make this goal achievable. Approaches such as improved efficiency of manufacturing and increasing active material utilization will be important to getting costs as low as $100/kWh, but key materials innovations that facilitate the full 2-electron capacity utilization of MnO2, the use of high energy density 3D electrodes, and the promise of a separator-free battery with greater than 2V potential offer a route to batteries at $50/kWh or less.
Abstract
Large-scale energy storage is certain to play a significant, enabling role in the evolution of the emerging electrical grid. Battery-based storage, while not a dominant form of storage today, has opportunity to expand its utility through safe, reliable, and cost-effective technologies. Here, secondary Zn–MnO2 batteries are highlighted as a promising extension of ubiquitous primary alkaline batteries, offering a safe, environmentally friendly chemistry in a scalable and practical energy dense technology. Importantly, there is a very realistic pathway to also making such batteries cost-effective at price points of $50/kWh or lower. By examining manufacturing examples at the Zn–MnO2 battery manufacturer Urban Electric Power, a roadmap has been created to realize such low-cost systems. By focusing on manufacturing optimization through reduced materials waste, scalable manufacturing, and effective materials selection, costs can be significantly reduced. Ultimately, though, coupling these approaches with emerging research and development advances to enable full capacity active materials utilization and battery voltages greater than 2V are likely needed to drive costs below a target of $50/kWh. Reaching this commercially important goal, especially with a chemistry that is safe, well-known, and reliably effective stands to inject Zn–MnO2 batteries in the storage landscape at a critical time in energy storage development and deployment.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
驱动 Zn-MnO2 电网规模电池：具有成本效益的储能路线图
强调
Zn-MnO 2电池承诺安全、可靠的能量存储，该路线图概述了可以实现这一目标的制造策略和技术创新的组合。诸如提高制造效率和增加活性材料利用率等方法对于将成本降至 100 美元/kWh 很重要，但关键材料创新有助于充分利用 MnO 2的 2 电子容量，使用高能量密度 3D 电极，以及具有大于 2V 电位的无隔板电池的承诺为电池提供了 50 美元/kWh 或更低的途径。
抽象的
大规模储能肯定会在新兴电网的发展中发挥重要的推动作用。基于电池的存储虽然不是当今的主要存储形式，但有机会通过安全、可靠和具有成本效益的技术来扩展其实用性。在这里，二次Zn-MnO 2电池被强调为无处不在的一次碱性电池的有希望的扩展，在可扩展和实用的能量密集技术中提供安全、环保的化学物质。重要的是，还有一条非常现实的途径可以使这种电池在 50 美元/kWh 或更低的价格点上具有成本效益。通过研究 Zn-MnO 2的制造实例电池制造商 Urban Electric Power 已经制定了实现这种低成本系统的路线图。通过减少材料浪费、可扩展制造和有效材料选择来关注制造优化，可以显着降低成本。不过，最终可能需要将这些方法与新兴的研发进展相结合，以实现全容量活性材料利用率和大于 2V 的电池电压，从而将成本降低到 50 美元/kWh 的目标以下。实现这一商业上重要的目标，特别是使用安全、知名和可靠有效的化学物质，可以在储能开发和部署的关键时刻将 Zn-MnO 2电池注入存储领域。
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