聚(环氧乙烷)-聚(环氧丙烷)-聚(环氧乙烷)(PEO-PPO-PEO)三嵌段共聚物,称为泊洛沙姆(Pluronic®),是具有独特热响应特性的两亲聚合物。几种泊洛沙姆等级已获得 FDA 批准,并已在许多药物剂型中得到应用。虽然主要批准用于口服剂型,但也推荐以不同浓度用于其他途径,包括眼科、静脉内、肌内、牙周和局部。此外,已经进行了大量研究以确定它们在其他给药途径中的有用性,例如鼻内、阴道和直肠。在药物剂型中,泊洛沙姆用于延长释放时间、提高溶解度并提高活性剂的稳定性和生物利用度。由于其独特的热凝胶特性,泊洛沙姆已发现生物医学应用,包括光动力疗法、软组织工程、血小板聚集、细胞封装和青光眼滤过手术。然而,泊洛沙姆的一些特性可能会限制其临床应用。这些问题包括不希望的热胶凝温度、在低聚合物含量下相对较差的机械性能以及在高聚合物含量下过早凝胶化的问题。已采用各种方法来解决这些问题,包括添加粘度增强剂、盐和助溶剂。鉴于其独特的特性,在本次审查中,我们旨在讨论泊洛沙姆的药物应用。软组织工程、血小板聚集、细胞包裹和青光眼滤过手术。然而,泊洛沙姆的一些特性可能会限制其临床应用。这些问题包括不希望的热胶凝温度、在低聚合物含量下相对较差的机械性能以及在高聚合物含量下过早凝胶化的问题。已采用各种方法来解决这些问题,包括添加粘度增强剂、盐和助溶剂。鉴于其独特的特性,在本次审查中,我们旨在讨论泊洛沙姆的药物应用。软组织工程、血小板聚集、细胞包裹和青光眼滤过手术。然而,泊洛沙姆的一些特性可能会限制其临床应用。这些问题包括不希望的热胶凝温度、在低聚合物含量下相对较差的机械性能以及在高聚合物含量下过早凝胶化的问题。已采用各种方法来解决这些问题,包括添加粘度增强剂、盐和助溶剂。鉴于其独特的特性,在本次审查中,我们旨在讨论泊洛沙姆的药物应用。这些问题包括不希望的热胶凝温度、在低聚合物含量下相对较差的机械性能以及在高聚合物含量下过早凝胶化的问题。已采用各种方法来解决这些问题,包括添加粘度增强剂、盐和助溶剂。鉴于其独特的特性,在本次审查中,我们旨在讨论泊洛沙姆的药物应用。这些问题包括不希望的热胶凝温度、在低聚合物含量下相对较差的机械性能以及在高聚合物含量下过早凝胶化的问题。已采用各种方法来解决这些问题,包括添加粘度增强剂、盐和助溶剂。鉴于其独特的特性,在本次审查中,我们旨在讨论泊洛沙姆的药物应用。
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Contemporary applications of thermogelling PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers
The poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers, known as poloxamer (Pluronic®), are amphiphilic polymers that possess unique thermo-responsive properties. Several poloxamer grades are FDA-approved and have found applications in many pharmaceutical dosage forms. Though mostly approved for the oral dosage forms, they are also recommended at different concentrations for other routes, including ophthalmic, intravenous, intramuscular, periodontal, and topical. Moreover, numerous studies have been conducted to determine their usefulness in other routes of administration such as intranasal, vaginal, and rectal. In pharmaceutical dosage forms, poloxamers are used to prolong the release, improve the solubility, and enhance the stability and bioavailability of the active agents. Due to their unique thermogelling property, poloxamers have found biomedical applications including in photodynamic therapy, soft tissue engineering, platelet aggregation, cell encapsulation, and glaucoma filtration surgery. However, there are some characteristics of poloxamers that might limit their clinical applications. These include issues with undesirable thermogelling temperature, relatively poor mechanical properties at low polymer content, and premature gelation at high polymer content. Various approaches have been employed to address these issues, which include the addition of viscosity enhancers, salts, and co-solvents. Given their distinctive characteristics, in this review, we aim to discuss the poloxamers pharmaceutical applications.