Three dimensional (3D) metal structures such as nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) frames have long been regarded as a good host for lithium (Li) metal. However, Li deposition on different metals often causes obvious over-potential, affecting the electrode performance in lithium metal batteries. Here, a Ni–N–O interface was created by surface nitridation to the Ni micro-particles, which were made into 3D current collectors. The directly grown Ni₃N created a thin and lithiophilic layer containing dense Li nucleation sites. The homogeneous distribution of amorphous Ni₃N and NiO at the interface allowed for a fast transfer of both electrons and ions, and thus facilitated smooth and even plating/stripping of lithium. High cycling stability and rate capability were simultaneously achieved. The 3D Li@N–Ni anode exhibited an extremely low voltage hysteresis of ∼10 mV over 850 h in a symmetric cell. The full battery paired with LiFePO₄ achieved steady cycling at 5C for 1500 cycles, with coulombic efficiency constantly higher than 99.2% and an average capacity loss of 0.027 mA h g⁻¹ per cycle, demonstrating a rational strategy for the design and fabrication of efficient lithium anodes for practical applications.

中文翻译：

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用于锂金属负极的表面氮化 3D 镍主体，具有长循环寿命和高倍率

镍 (Ni) 和铜 (Cu) 框架等三维 (3D) 金属结构长期以来一直被认为是锂 (Li) 金属的良好主体。然而，锂在不同金属上的沉积往往会导致明显的过电位，影响锂金属电池中的电极性能。在这里，Ni-N-O 界面通过对 Ni 微粒的表面氮化而产生，这些微粒被制成 3D 集电器。直接生长的 Ni ₃ N 形成了一个薄的亲锂层，其中包含致密的锂成核位点。_{非晶态Ni 3}的均匀分布界面处的 N 和 NiO 允许电子和离子的快速转移，从而促进锂的平滑和均匀电镀/剥离。同时实现了高循环稳定性和倍率性能。在对称电池中，3D Li@N-Ni 负极在 850 小时内表现出约 10 mV 的极低电压滞后。_{与LiFePO 4}配对的完整电池在5C下稳定循环1500次，库仑效率持续高于99.2%，平均每循环容量损失为0.027 mA hg ^-1，展示了设计和制造高效锂的合理策略实际应用的阳极。