Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) molecule, a neuromodulator in the central nervous system and the immune system, plays a vital role in the neural signal transmission, immune response and cell apoptosis. Real-time detecting H₂O₂ with high accuracy and sensitivity way is critically significant for the assessments of biological functions and pathogenic mechanisms towards diseases diagnostics. The in-situ electrochemical analysis has been widely used in the real-time sensing and detection of H₂O₂ for miniaturization feasibility and superior temporal spatial resolution. In this review paper, we summarized the recent advances in in vivo electrochemical analysis on H₂O₂, specifically including the electrochemical redox process of H₂O₂ on the electrode surface and variety of catalysts used for the electrochemical analysis with effectively improved selectivity and sensitivity. In particular, the novel technique of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) method for H₂O₂ detection was thoroughly discussed. The developments on the high selectivity analysis of H₂O₂ at the cellular and in vivo levels was summarized in details. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of the electrochemical sensors for H₂O₂ was proposed. This review is greatly helpful for the advancement of H₂O₂ electrochemical sensing towards biomedical applications.

过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）分子是中枢神经系统和免疫系统的神经调节剂，在神经信号传递、免疫反应和细胞凋亡中起着至关重要的作用。以高精度和高灵敏度的方式实时检测H ₂ O _{2对于疾病诊断的生物学功能和致病机制的评估具有至关重要的意义。原位电化学分析已广泛用于H 2} O ₂的实时传感和检测，具有小型化的可行性和优越的时空分辨率。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了 H体内电化学分析的最新进展。₂ O ₂，具体包括H ₂ O ₂在电极表面的电化学氧化还原过程和多种用于电化学分析的催化剂，有效提高了选择性和灵敏度。特别是对光电化学(PEC) 法检测H ₂ O ₂的新技术进行了深入讨论。_{详细总结了H 2} O ₂在细胞和体内水平的高选择性分析的进展。_{最后，H 2} O ₂电化学传感器的挑战和前景被提议。_{这篇综述对 H 2} O ₂电化学传感向生物医学应用的发展非常有帮助。