This chapter provides an overview of the structural and synthetic chemistry, and the industrial applications, of dioxazine pigments, a small group of high performance organic pigments. The color violet (or purple) has frequently assumed a prominent position in history, on account of its rarity and cost. The natural colorant Tyrian purple and the first synthetic textile dye, Mauveine, are prime examples of this unique historical feature. CI Pigment Violet 23, also referred to as Dioxazine Violet or Carbazole Violet, is one of the most universally used organic pigments, by far the most important industrial pigment in the violet shade area. Dioxazine Violet is also unique as the dominant industrial violet pigment providing a brilliant, intense violet color and an excellent all-round set of fastness properties. The pigment has a polycyclic molecular structure, originally described wrongly as a linear arrangement, and later shown to adopt an S-shaped arrangement on the basis of X-ray structural analysis. Two other dioxazine pigments are of rather lesser importance. The synthesis and manufacturing route to CI Pigment Violet 23 is described in the review. Finally, a survey of the principal current applications of the individual dioxazine pigments is presented.

中文翻译：

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二恶嗪颜料

本章概述了二恶嗪颜料（一小群高性能有机颜料）的结构和合成化学以及工业应用。由于其稀有性和成本，紫罗兰色（或紫色）经常在历史上占据重要位置。天然着色剂 Tyrian Purple 和第一种合成纺织染料 Mauveine 是这一独特历史特征的主要例子。CI颜料紫23，也称为二恶嗪紫或咔唑紫，是最普遍使用的有机颜料之一，是迄今为止紫光区最重要的工业颜料。二恶嗪紫也是独特的主要工业紫色颜料，提供明亮、强烈的紫罗兰色和优异的全方位牢度性能。该颜料具有多环分子结构，最初被错误地描述为线性排列，后来在X射线结构分析的基础上显示为采用S形排列。另外两种二恶嗪颜料的重要性相对较低。综述中描述了 CI 颜料紫 23 的合成和制造路线。最后，介绍了目前各种二恶嗪颜料的主要应用情况。