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Biodeterioration of stone and metal — Fundamental microbial cycling processes with spatial and temporal scale differences
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153193
Christine Gaylarde 1 , Brenda Little 2
Affiliation  

Fundamental processes for the biodeterioration of stone and metal involve many of the same microbially mediated reactions – oxidation, reduction, acid dissolution and elemental cycling – resulting from the activities of many of the same groups of environmental microorganisms. Differences depend on the nature of the substratum – stone vs. metal – and the composition of the surroundings, whether terrestrial (stone) or aquatic (stone and metal). Reactions within surface-related biofilms dominate the biodeterioration of metals and contribute greatly to the biodeterioration of stone. In the latter, phototrophic organisms, and especially cyanobacteria, are important first participants, while metal biodeterioration is almost entirely associated with bacteria, archaea and fungi. Biofilms on metal surfaces can produce chemical and electrochemical responses. While electrochemical responses are absent in stone, extracellular electron transfer can be a biodeterioration mechanism in some iron-rich rocks. Microorganisms in biofilms can penetrate and create fissures or cracks in stone and metals. However, the most obvious differences in the reactions of built stone and metal structures are related to the definition of failure, length of time required for a defined failure of the substratum, the area over which the failure occurs and the consequences of failure. Time and space are, similarly, quite distinct for biological breakdown and mineral cycling of metal and stone, with stone/rock cycling potentially occurring over thousands of years and kilometers.



中文翻译:

石材和金属的生物劣化——具有空间和时间尺度差异的基本微生物循环过程

石材和金属生物劣化的基本过程涉及许多相同的微生物介导反应——氧化、还原、酸溶解和元素循环——由许多相同的环境微生物群的活动引起。差异取决于基质的性质——石头与金属——以及周围环境的组成,无论是陆地(石头)还是水生(石头和金属)。与表面相关的生物膜内的反应主导着金属的生物降解,并极大地促进了石材的生物降解。在后者中,光养生物,尤其是蓝藻是重要的第一参与者,而金属生物降解几乎完全与细菌、古细菌和真菌有关。金属表面上的生物膜可以产生化学和电化学反应。虽然石头中不存在电化学反应,但细胞外电子转移可能是一些富含铁的岩石的生物劣化机制。生物膜中的微生物可以渗透并在石头和金属中产生裂缝或裂缝。然而,人造石和金属结构的反应最明显的差异与失效的定义、确定的底层失效所需的时间长度、失效发生的区域以及失效的后果有关。同样,时间和空间对于金属和石头的生物分解和矿物循环也非常不同,石头/岩石循环可能会发生数千年和数千公里。生物膜中的微生物可以渗透并在石头和金属中产生裂缝或裂缝。然而,人造石和金属结构的反应最明显的差异与失效的定义、确定的底层失效所需的时间长度、失效发生的区域以及失效的后果有关。同样,时间和空间对于金属和石头的生物分解和矿物循环也非常不同,石头/岩石循环可能会发生数千年和数千公里。生物膜中的微生物可以渗透并在石头和金属中产生裂缝或裂缝。然而,人造石和金属结构的反应最明显的差异与失效的定义、确定的底层失效所需的时间长度、失效发生的区域以及失效的后果有关。同样,时间和空间对于金属和石头的生物分解和矿物循环也非常不同,石头/岩石循环可能会发生数千年和数千公里。故障发生的区域和故障的后果。同样,时间和空间对于金属和石头的生物分解和矿物循环也非常不同,石头/岩石循环可能会发生数千年和数千公里。故障发生的区域和故障的后果。同样,时间和空间对于金属和石头的生物分解和矿物循环也非常不同,石头/岩石循环可能会发生数千年和数千公里。

更新日期:2022-02-10
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