“Proxy crimes” is a phrase loosely used to refer to conduct that is punished only as a means to target other harmful conduct. Many criminal law scholars find the criminalization of this type of conduct unjustifiable from a retributivist perspective, while others note that proxy criminalization can contribute to mass incarceration and overcriminalization. Given the importance of these problems, a systematic analysis of proxy crimes, currently absent in the criminal law literature, is needed.

中文翻译：

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代理犯罪

“代理犯罪”一词泛指仅作为针对其他有害行为的手段而受到惩罚的行为。许多刑法学者认为，从报应主义的角度来看，将此类行为定为犯罪是不合理的，而另一些人则指出，代理定罪会导致大规模监禁和过度定罪。鉴于这些问题的重要性，需要对目前刑法文献中没有的代理犯罪进行系统分析。