Black–White disparities in gifted enrollment persist across U.S. school systems. In this study, we examined whether these disparities depend on county-level rates of anti-Black bias. We drew data from the Civil Rights Data Collection, the Education Opportunity Project, and the Race Implicit Association Database. Based on a series of heteroskedastic fractional probit regression models, we found that county-level rates of anti-Black bias predict Black–White disparities in gifted and talented enrollment, with gaps being largest in counties with elevated rates of anti-Black bias and virtually non-existent in counties with low levels of anti-Black bias. These findings persist after accounting for achievement and other observable differences across counties, unobserved variation in state-level gifted and talented policies and are consistent for county-level estimates of both explicit and implicit measures of anti-Black bias.

在美国学校系统中，天才入学人数的黑白差异仍然存在。在这项研究中，我们检查了这些差异是否取决于县级的反黑人偏见率。我们从民权数据收集、教育机会项目和种族隐含关联数据库中提取数据。基于一系列异方差分数概率回归模型，我们发现县级反黑人偏见率可以预测天才和天才入学率的黑人与白人差距，在反黑人偏见率较高的县和几乎在反黑人偏见程度低的县中不存在。在考虑了各县的成就和其他可观察到的差异之后，这些发现仍然存在，