在加纳,玉米和水稻的主要储藏害虫是通过使用合成杀虫剂来控制的,这些杀虫剂对农民来说非常昂贵,如果由于缺乏技术知识而不能正确使用,可能会影响工人的安全。此外,它的使用最终可能会导致最终产品中的一些有毒残留物供人类食用。为了寻找合成杀虫剂的替代品来控制加纳的谷物贮藏害虫,在实验室对三种改良的硅藻土 (DEs) InsectoSec®、Diatomeenerde Probe-A 和 Fossil Shield® 90.0 进行了针对Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky的测试(鞘翅目:Dryophthoridae)和Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)(鞘翅目:Tenebrionidae)来自加纳。储存的玉米或稻米的施用率为 500、1000、2000 和 3000 ppm。32 天后记录成人死亡率,6 周后记录后代死亡率。InsectoSec® 对玉米链球菌成虫的毒性最大,其次是 Fossil Shield 和 Diatomeenerde Probe-A 。对于后代生产,InsectoSec® 和 Diatomeenerde比 Fossil Shield® 更好地抑制玉米上的S. zeamais 。相比之下,Fossil Shield® 和 InsectoSec® 在抑制T. castaneum后代产生方面比 Diatomeenerde 更好。三种 DE 对玉米链球菌和栗树锥虫的最高剂量之间的死亡率没有显着差异直到第 14 天,而 InsectoSec® 和 Fossil Shield® 在较低剂量下比 Diatomeenerde 更有效。成年甲虫的死亡率是剂量依赖性的。暴露于 1.0% InsectoSec® 和 1.0% Fossil Shield® 的栗树的 LT 50 分别为9天到 13 天。对于暴露于最高剂量 3.0% Fossil Shield®、InsectoSec® 和 Diatomeenerde 的玉米链球菌,分别记录了 5 天、6 天和 9 天的LT 50 。与对照相比,所有制剂都减少了后代的出现。讨论了使用硅藻土对加纳主要贮藏害虫进行生物合理控制的潜力。
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Evaluation of three German enhanced diatomaceous earth formulations for the management of two major storage pests in Ghana
In Ghana major stored product insect pests of maize and rice are controlled by the use of synthetic insecticides which are very expensive for farmers, might affect worker safety if not properly applied due to lack of technical know-how. Moreover, its use might eventually lead to some toxic residues in the end product for human consumption. In an attempt to look for alternatives to synthetic insecticides to control storage pest of cereals in Ghana in general, three improved diatomaceous earths (DEs), InsectoSec®, Diatomeenerde Probe-A and Fossil Shield® 90.0 were tested in the laboratory against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Ghana. Application rates on stored maize or rice were 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm. Adult mortality was recorded after 32 days and, progeny production after 6 weeks. InsectoSec® was most toxic against the adults of S. zeamais followed by Fossil Shield and Diatomeenerde Probe-A. For the progeny production InsectoSec® and Diatomeenerde suppressed S. zeamais on maize better than Fossil Shield®. In contrast, Fossil Shield® and InsectoSec® were better compared to Diatomeenerde in suppressing progeny production of T. castaneum. There was no significant difference in mortality among the highest dosages of the three DE's against S. zeamais and T. castaneum up to the 14th day, while InsectoSec® and Fossil Shield® were more effective than Diatomeenerde at the lower dosages. Mortality of the adult beetles was dose-dependent. The LT50 ranged from 9 d to 13 d for T. castaneum exposed to 1.0% InsectoSec® and 1.0% Fossil Shield®, respectively. LT50 of 5 d, 6 d, and 9 d were recorded for S. zeamais exposed to the highest dosage of 3.0% Fossil Shield®, InsectoSec® and Diatomeenerde, respectively. All formulations reduced the progeny emergence compared to the control. The potential of using diatomaceous earth for the bio-rational control of major storage pests in Ghana is discussed.