Self-reflection is suggested to attenuate feelings, yet researchers disagree on whether adopting a distant or near perspective, or processing the experience abstractly or concretely, is more effective. Given the relationship between psychological distance and level of abstraction, we suggest the “construal-matching hypothesis”: Psychological distance and abstraction differently influence emotion intensity, depending on whether the emotion’s appraisal involves low-level or high-level construal. Two meta-analyses tested the effects of psychological distance (k = 230) and level-of-abstraction (k = 98) manipulations on emotional experience. A distant perspective attenuated emotional experience (g = 0.52) but with weaker effects for high-level (g = 0.29; for example, self-conscious emotions) than low-level emotions (g= 0.64; for example, basic emotions). Level of abstraction only attenuated the experience of low-level emotions (g = 0.2) and showed a reverse (nonsignificant) effect for high-level emotions (g = −0.13). These results highlight differences between distancing and level-of-abstraction manipulations and the importance of considering the type of emotion experienced in emotion regulation.

建议进行自我反省以减轻感觉，但研究人员不同意采用远距离或近距视角，或抽象或具体地处理经验是否更有效。鉴于心理距离和抽象程度之间的关系，我们提出“解释匹配假说”：心理距离和抽象对情绪强度的影响不同，取决于情绪的评价是涉及低层次解释还是高层次解释。两项荟萃分析测试了心理距离 ( k = 230) 和抽象水平 ( k = 98) 操作对情绪体验的影响。远距离视角减弱了情感体验（g = 0.52），但对高水平的影响较弱（g= 0.29; 例如，自觉情绪）高于低水平情绪（g = 0.64；例如，基本情绪）。抽象水平只减弱了低水平情绪的体验（g = 0.2），并显示出对高水平情绪的反向（不显着）效应（g = -0.13）。这些结果突出了距离和抽象级别操作之间的差异，以及考虑情绪调节中经历的情绪类型的重要性。