基于LiCl-KCl熔盐电解质的低温高能量密度锂基液态金属电池,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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基于LiCl-KCl熔盐电解质的低温高能量密度锂基液态金属电池
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-26 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07560
Kaixuan Cui ₁ , Wang Zhao ₂ , Shengwei Li ₁ , Dongmei Zhou ₁ , Chunrong Liu ₁ , Xuanhui Qu ₁ , Ping Li _{1,

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Affiliation

锂基液态金属电池（LMB）因其在可持续能源存储方面的潜在应用而受到广泛关注；然而，高工作温度限制了它们的实际应用。在此，据报道，一种新的化学成分——LiCl-KCl 电解质和 Sb-Bi-Sn (Pb) 正极——可以降低锂基 LMB 的工作温度并实现高能量密度。我们研究了低熔点 LiCl-KCl 熔盐与 Li 的相容性，发现 LiCl-KCl 与 Li 之间的置换反应会降低 KCl 的含量。在锂中添加少量的钾可以抑制这种置换反应，保持熔盐成分的稳定性，从而显着提高电池在低工作温度（400℃）下的循环稳定性。具体来说，₃₀ Bi ₄₀ Sn ₃₀ LMB 具有约 241 Wh kg -1 的高能量密度^{和约68.8 $ kW h}^-1的低材料成本。此外，LiK|LiCl-KCl|Sb ₃₀ Bi ₄₀ Pb ₃₀ LMB的能量密度约为194 W h kg ^-1，其材料成本较低，约为62.8 $ kW h ^-1。我们建议这项工作可以为设计和开发用于可持续能源存储的创新 LMB 开辟新的方向。

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Low-Temperature and High-Energy-Density Li-Based Liquid Metal Batteries Based on LiCl–KCl Molten Salt Electrolyte

Li-based liquid metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in sustainable energy storage; however, the high operating temperature limits their practical applications. Herein, a new chemistry─LiCl–KCl electrolyte and Sb–Bi–Sn (Pb) positive electrode─is reported to lower the operating temperature of Li-based LMBs and achieve a high energy density. We have investigated the compatibility between low-melting-point LiCl–KCl molten salt and Li and found that the displacement reaction between LiCl–KCl and Li would decrease the KCl content. Addition of a small amount of K to Li can inhibit this displacement reaction and maintain the stability of the molten salt composition, thereby significantly improving the cycling stability of the batteries at a low operating temperature (400 °C). Specifically, the LiK|LiCl–KCl|Sb₃₀Bi₄₀Sn₃₀ LMB exhibits a high energy density of about 241 W h kg^–1 and a low material cost of about 68.8 $ kW h^–1. Besides, the energy density of the LiK|LiCl–KCl|Sb₃₀Bi₄₀Pb₃₀ LMB is about 194 W h kg^–1, which has a lower material cost of about 62.8 $ kW h^–1. We propose that this work can open new directions toward designing and developing innovative LMBs for sustainable energy storage.

更新日期：2022-02-07

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