In recent years, slagging-gasification technology has received increasing attention in treating municipal solid waste (MSW). Compared with conventional incineration, the higher temperature in the slagging-gasification process optimizes its residue composition, and gasification fly ash (GFA) is the only unreused solid residue. Although GFA is a potential civil engineering material, its high content of heavy metals, chlorides, and sulfates hinders its practical use. Moreover, although carbonation has proven to immobilize heavy metals in incineration fly ash, the conventional gas carbonation method cannot remove chlorides and sulfates. In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) treatment was studied to treat GFA for the first time, and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used for comparison. Different concentrations of NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ solutions were used to treat the GFA, and comprehensive tests were conducted on the treated samples. The results indicated that NaHCO₃ treatment was effective in immobilizing Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni in GFA, while Na₂CO₃ treatment could not effectively immobilize Pb and Zn. Both NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ promoted the removal of chlorides and sulfates in GFA. The wastewater from the NaHCO₃ treatment contained fewer heavy metals compared with those from water washing or Na₂CO₃ treatment, benefitting its treatment or reuse.

近年来，造渣气化技术在处理城市固体废物（MSW）方面越来越受到关注。与常规焚烧相比，造渣-气化过程中较高的温度优化了其残渣成分，气化飞灰（GFA）是唯一未再利用的固体残渣。虽然 GFA 是一种潜在的土木工程材料，但其高含量的重金属、氯化物和硫酸盐阻碍了其实际应用。此外，尽管碳化已被证明可以固定焚烧飞灰中的重金属，但传统的气体碳化方法无法去除氯化物和硫酸盐。本研究首次研究了碳酸氢钠（NaHCO _{3 ）处理GFA，碳酸钠（Na 2} CO ₃) 用于比较。采用不同浓度的NaHCO ₃和Na ₂ CO ₃溶液处理GFA，并对处理后的样品进行综合测试。结果表明，NaHCO ₃处理可有效固定GFA中的Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni，而Na ₂ CO ₃处理不能有效固定Pb和Zn。NaHCO ₃和Na ₂ CO ₃都促进了GFA中氯化物和硫酸盐的去除。_{与水洗或 Na 2} CO ₃相比， NaHCO ₃处理的废水含有较少的重金属处理，有利于其处理或再利用。