Multiple mental disorders have been associated with dysregulation of precise brain processes. However, few therapeutic approaches can correct such specific patterns of brain activity. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, many researchers have hoped that this feat could be achieved by closed-loop brain imaging approaches, such as neurofeedback, that aim to modulate brain activity directly. However, neurofeedback never gained mainstream acceptance in mental health, in part due to methodological considerations. In this review, we argue that, when contemporary methodological guidelines are followed, neurofeedback is one of the few intervention methods in psychology that can be assessed in double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Furthermore, using new advances in machine learning and statistics, it is now possible to target very precise patterns of brain activity for therapeutic purposes. We review the recent literature in functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback and discuss current and future applications to mental health.

中文翻译：

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实时功能 MRI 治疗心理健康障碍


多种精神障碍与精确大脑过程的失调有关。然而，很少有治疗方法可以纠正这种特定的大脑活动模式。自 1960 年代末和 1970 年代初以来，许多研究人员一直希望这一壮举可以通过旨在直接调节大脑活动的闭环大脑成像方法（例如神经反馈）来实现。然而，神经反馈从未在心理健康领域获得主流认可，部分原因是方法论的考虑。在这篇综述中，我们认为，当遵循当代方法学指南时，神经反馈是心理学中为数不多的可以在双盲安慰剂对照试验中评估的干预方法之一。此外，利用机器学习和统计学的新进展，现在可以针对非常精确的大脑活动模式进行治疗。我们回顾了功能磁共振成像神经反馈方面的最新文献，并讨论了当前和未来在心理健康方面的应用。