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Amplifying Free Radical Generation of AIE Photosensitizer with Small Singlet–Triplet Splitting for Hypoxia-Overcoming Photodynamic Therapy
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23797
Ya-Fang Xiao 1 , Wen-Cheng Chen 1, 2 , Jia-Xiong Chen 1, 2 , Guihong Lu 3 , Shuang Tian 1 , Xiao Cui 1 , Zhen Zhang 1 , Huan Chen 1 , Yingpeng Wan 1 , Shengliang Li 4 , Chun-Sing Lee 1
Affiliation  

Type-I photodynamic therapy (PDT) with less oxygen consumption shows great potential for overcoming the vicious hypoxia typically observed in solid tumors. However, the development of type-I PDT is hindered by insufficient radical generation and the ambiguous design strategy of type-I photosensitizers (PSs). Therefore, developing highly efficient type-I PSs and unveiling their structure–function relationship are still urgent and challenging. Herein, we develop two phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives (AQPO and AQPI) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and boost their reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency by reducing singlet–triplet splitting (ΔEST). Both AQPO and AQPI show ultrasmall ΔEST values of 0.09 and 0.12 eV, respectively. By incorporating electron-rich anisole, the categories of generated ROS by AIE PSs are changed from type-II (singlet oxygen, 1O2) to type-I (superoxide anion radical, O2•– and hydroxyl radical, •OH). We demonstrate that the assembled AQPO nanoparticles (NPs) achieve a 3.2- and 2.9-fold increase in the O2•– and •OH generation efficiencies, respectively, compared to those of AQPI NPs (without anisole) in water, whereas the 1O2 generation efficiency of AQPO NPs is lower (0.4-fold) than that of AQPI NPs. The small ΔEST and anisole group endow AQPO with an excellent capacity for type-I ROS generation. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that AQPO NPs achieve an excellent hypoxia-overcoming PDT effect by efficiently eliminating tumor cells upon white light irradiation with good biosafety.

中文翻译:

用小单重-三重分裂放大 AIE 光敏剂的自由基生成,用于克服缺氧的光动力治疗

耗氧量较少的 I 型光动力疗法 (PDT) 显示出克服实体瘤中常见的恶性缺氧的巨大潜力。然而,I型光敏剂(PSs)的自由基生成不足和不明确的设计策略阻碍了I型PDT的发展。因此,开发高效的 I 型 PS 并揭示其结构-功能关系仍然是紧迫和具有挑战性的。在此,我们开发了两种具有聚集诱导发射 (AIE) 特性的菲 [9,10- d ] 咪唑衍生物 (AQPO 和 AQPI),并通过减少单重态-三重态分裂 (Δ E ST ) 来提高它们的活性氧 (ROS) 生成效率。)。AQPO 和 AQPI 均显示超小 Δ E ST值分别为 0.09 和 0.12 eV。通过加入富电子苯甲醚,AIE PSs 产生的 ROS 种类从 II 型(单线态氧,1 O 2)变为 I 型(超氧阴离子自由基,O 2 •–和羟基自由基,•OH)。我们证明,与 AQPI NPs(不含苯甲醚)在水中相比,组装的 AQPO 纳米颗粒 (NPs) 的 O 2 •–和 •OH 生成效率分别提高了 3.2 倍和 2.9 倍,而1 O AQPO NPs 的2代效率比 AQPI NPs 低(0.4 倍)。小的 Δ E ST和茴香醚基团赋予 AQPO 极好的 I 型 ROS 生成能力。体外和体内实验表明,AQPO NPs 通过在白光照射下有效地消除肿瘤细胞,具有良好的生物安全性,从而实现了优异的缺氧克服 PDT 效果。
更新日期:2022-02-02
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